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Bio Digestive Unit > Digestive System Lessons 5-6 > Flashcards

Digestive System Lessons 5-6 Flashcards

1
Q

what is salivary amylase

A

the first enzymes that one encounters in the digestive system

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2
Q

what is the function of salivary amylase

A

it catalyzes carbohydrate digestion (ex. starch to smaller simple sugar forms–maltose)

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3
Q

where is salivary amylase found and which pH does it function at

A

it is found within saliva and functions at a neutral pH

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4
Q

how would salivary amylase break down large macromolecules down

A

use hydrolysis

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5
Q

which enzyme is responsible for beginning protein digestion

A

pepsin

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6
Q

in which pH does pepsin work in

A

a low pH(of around 2)

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7
Q

what is the function of pepsin

A

they break down proteins into smaller peptides

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8
Q

where are pancreatic enzymes located and what is the pH in which it works in

A

they are found within pancreatic juice and it functions in a slightly basic pH

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9
Q

what are the most important pancreatic enzymes

A

pancreatic amylase, trypsin, and lipase

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10
Q

what is the function of pancreatic amylase

A

it breaks down carbohydrates

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11
Q

what is the function of trypsin

A

it breaks down proteins

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12
Q

what is the function of lipase

A

it breaks down fat molecules that have been emulsified by bile salts

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13
Q

what are peptidases and carbohydrases

A

enzymes used to complete the digestion of protein and carbohydrates(for peptidase, it is any enzyme that breaks down a peptide into amino acids)

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14
Q

what is the function of peptidases

A

they break down peptide chains into amino acids for absorption

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15
Q

what is the function of carbohydrases

A

breaks down carbohydrates

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16
Q

what is peptic ulcer disease(PUD)

A

stomach burns in an unprotected area

17
Q

what is the area that is affected by PUD

A

a break within the inner lining of the stomach

18
Q

what is the cause of PUD

A

there is a presence of the bacteria Helicobacter Pylori, which creates secretions which erode the stomach lining

19
Q

what is constipation and diarrhea

A

feces are large and viscious(constipation), feces are loose and watery(diarrhea)

20
Q

what is the cause of constipation and diarrhea

A

poor-fibre diet and/or lack of water(constipation), infection, poor absorption, result of drugs/medication(diarrhea)

21
Q

what is gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)

A

contents of stomach rises up into the esophagus because the lower esophageal sphincter fails to close

22
Q

causes of GERD

A

obesity, hernias, genetic conditions, medication in the esophagus

23
Q

where does GERD affect

A

the esophagus

24
Q

what are gall stones(cholelithiasis)

A

an accumulation of precipitated bile compounds that lead to stone-like substances

25
Q

what are the causes of cholelithiasis

A

side effects of medications, rapid weight loss, aging, poor nutrition

26
Q

what is hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver causing it to not perform its functions

27
Q

causes of hepatitis

A

viruses for hepatitis A, B, C, D and E, abuse of alcohol, used of medications and some autoimmune disorders

28
Q

where does hepatitis affect

A

the liver

29
Q

what is celiac disease

A

the small intestine develops an intolerance to gluten which creates an inflammatory response in the gut

30
Q

causes of celiac disease

A

it is genetically inherited

31
Q

what is Chron’s disease

A

inflammation of the digestive tract, causing digestive difficulties in addition to pain and discomfort

32
Q

causes of Chron’s disease

A

thought to be a combination of environmental, immune, and bacterial factors in individuals with pre-disposed genetics

33
Q

what is diverticulitis

A

intestinal pouches forming along the large intestine and becoming inflamed

34
Q

causes of diverticulitis

A

the formation of diverticula(intestinal pouches) and them becoming infected due to pathogenic bacteria

35
Q

what is type 1 diabetes

A

when the body fails to produce insulin

36
Q

what is type 2 diabetes

A

when the receptor cells do not respond to insulin

37
Q

causes of diabetes in general

A

genetic factors

38
Q

causes of type 2 diabetes

A

poor diet and physical health

Bio Digestive Unit (4 decks)

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