Digestive System Lessons 5-6 Flashcards
what is salivary amylase
the first enzymes that one encounters in the digestive system
what is the function of salivary amylase
it catalyzes carbohydrate digestion (ex. starch to smaller simple sugar forms–maltose)
where is salivary amylase found and which pH does it function at
it is found within saliva and functions at a neutral pH
how would salivary amylase break down large macromolecules down
use hydrolysis
which enzyme is responsible for beginning protein digestion
pepsin
in which pH does pepsin work in
a low pH(of around 2)
what is the function of pepsin
they break down proteins into smaller peptides
where are pancreatic enzymes located and what is the pH in which it works in
they are found within pancreatic juice and it functions in a slightly basic pH
what are the most important pancreatic enzymes
pancreatic amylase, trypsin, and lipase
what is the function of pancreatic amylase
it breaks down carbohydrates
what is the function of trypsin
it breaks down proteins
what is the function of lipase
it breaks down fat molecules that have been emulsified by bile salts
what are peptidases and carbohydrases
enzymes used to complete the digestion of protein and carbohydrates(for peptidase, it is any enzyme that breaks down a peptide into amino acids)
what is the function of peptidases
they break down peptide chains into amino acids for absorption
what is the function of carbohydrases
breaks down carbohydrates
what is peptic ulcer disease(PUD)
stomach burns in an unprotected area
what is the area that is affected by PUD
a break within the inner lining of the stomach
what is the cause of PUD
there is a presence of the bacteria Helicobacter Pylori, which creates secretions which erode the stomach lining
what is constipation and diarrhea
feces are large and viscious(constipation), feces are loose and watery(diarrhea)
what is the cause of constipation and diarrhea
poor-fibre diet and/or lack of water(constipation), infection, poor absorption, result of drugs/medication(diarrhea)
what is gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)
contents of stomach rises up into the esophagus because the lower esophageal sphincter fails to close
causes of GERD
obesity, hernias, genetic conditions, medication in the esophagus
where does GERD affect
the esophagus
what are gall stones(cholelithiasis)
an accumulation of precipitated bile compounds that lead to stone-like substances
what are the causes of cholelithiasis
side effects of medications, rapid weight loss, aging, poor nutrition
what is hepatitis
inflammation of the liver causing it to not perform its functions
causes of hepatitis
viruses for hepatitis A, B, C, D and E, abuse of alcohol, used of medications and some autoimmune disorders
where does hepatitis affect
the liver
what is celiac disease
the small intestine develops an intolerance to gluten which creates an inflammatory response in the gut
causes of celiac disease
it is genetically inherited
what is Chron’s disease
inflammation of the digestive tract, causing digestive difficulties in addition to pain and discomfort
causes of Chron’s disease
thought to be a combination of environmental, immune, and bacterial factors in individuals with pre-disposed genetics
what is diverticulitis
intestinal pouches forming along the large intestine and becoming inflamed
causes of diverticulitis
the formation of diverticula(intestinal pouches) and them becoming infected due to pathogenic bacteria
what is type 1 diabetes
when the body fails to produce insulin
what is type 2 diabetes
when the receptor cells do not respond to insulin
causes of diabetes in general
genetic factors
causes of type 2 diabetes
poor diet and physical health
