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Bio Digestive Unit > Digestive System Lessons 3 > Flashcards

Digestive System Lessons 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the small intestine responsible for

A

the absorption of nutrients

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2
Q

what is one of the pros of the small intestines’ length

A

it allows for a better absorption of nutrients

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3
Q

what are villi

A

finger-like projections of epithelial tissue in the small intestine’s lumen

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4
Q

what is the role of villi

A

to be the position in which the absorption of nutrients takes place

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5
Q

what are micro-villi

A

the villi’s tiny finger-like projections that increase surface area

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6
Q

why is increasing the surface area in the small intestines good

A

it contributes to controlling the rate at which a process occurs, and in this case, it speeds up the absorption of nutrients

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7
Q

what does each villus include

A

a capillary for blood and a capillary for lymphatic fluid(lacteal)

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8
Q

what enters the blood capillaries in a villus

A

sugars and amino acids

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9
Q

what enters the lacteals in a villus

A

glycerol and fatty acids packaged together as lipoprotein droplets

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10
Q

what are the sections of the small intestine

A

duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

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11
Q

what is the duodenum

A

the first 25cm of the intestine, and it is the site of the common bile duct

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12
Q

what is the common bile duct

A

a tube that carries bile from the liver and gallbladder, through the pancreas, and into the small intestine

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13
Q

what is the jejunum

A

the middle portion of the small intestine

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14
Q

what is the ileum

A

the remaining portion of the small intestine

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15
Q

what does the ileum contain that is important

A

it contains lymphoid tissue called Peyer’s Patches

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16
Q

what are Peyer’s Patches

A

lymphoid tissue responsible for monitoring and regulating the presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria

17
Q

what would the common bile duct do to counteract the acidified contents present in the duodenum

A

secrete a mixture of bile and pancreatic juice

18
Q

how does pancreatic juice help with the acidified contents in the duodenum

A

it contains sodium bicarbonate, which acts as a base to neutralize the acid in the chyme

19
Q

what performs the final breakdown of food before it is absorbed (in the small intestine)

A

a combination of digestive secretions/juices(digestive enzymes) and bile

20
Q

which two hormones control the digestive secretions(digestive enzymes)

A

secretin and CCK(cholecystokinin)

21
Q

what is secretin

A

a hormone that plays a regulatory role in duodenum secretions and water homeostasis in the body

22
Q

when is secretin released

A

when a low pH is detected in the duodenum

23
Q

what is CCK

A

a hormone that plays a role in the digestion of fats and proteins

24
Q

when is CCK released

A

when there are partially digested proteins and fats in the duodenum

25
Q

what is the large intestine

A

the final portion of the digestive tract

26
Q

divide the large intestine into its components

A

cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal

27
Q

what is the large intestines’ role in digestion

A

to absorb water, salts, vitamins, and store undigested material until it can be released as feces

28
Q

what is the cecum

A

the first component of the large intestine

29
Q

what is the function of the colon

A

the removal of water from digested material

30
Q

how can the colon be described based on its shape

A
  1. ascending colon 2. transverse colon 3. descending colon 4. sigmoid colon 4. rectum
31
Q

what is digested food material called

A

feces

32
Q

how is feces released

A

when the feces is moved into the rectum by peristalsis, the stretch receptors send a signal to the sphincters at the anus to relax, which allows for the feces to leave

33
Q

what is feces composed of

A

3/4 water, 1/4 solid material

34
Q

what is the solid material in feces composed of

A

fibre(indigestible material such as cellulose) and bacteria

35
Q

why do feces smell

A

because of the solid material counterpart. close to 50 percent of it is dead bacteria.

36
Q

how does feces get its look

A

bilirubin that has been broken down

Bio Digestive Unit (4 decks)

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