Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

biology final > digestive system and nutrition > Flashcards

digestive system and nutrition Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

gastrointestinal tract

A

a long hallow tube consisting of accessory glands to release secretions

begins at the mouth and continues through the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

lumen

A

the hollow area of the tube through which food and fluids travel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

4 basic layers of the GI tract

A

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

mucosa

A

the innermost layer
mucus secreting to lubricate the lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

submucosa

A

3rd layer
consists of connective tissue containing blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

muscalaris

A

2nd layer
responsible for movement of materials through the GI tract and for mixing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

serosa

A

1st layer
thin layer of epithelial tissue supportive by connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

saliva

A

salivary glands releasing their secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

salivary amylase

A

an enzyme that begins to chemically digest starches into shorter chains of sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

pharynx

A

the passageway commonly called the throat
shared by the respiratory and digestive systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

esophagus

A

the tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

peristalsis

A

rhythmic waves of muscle contraction used to push food along the the esophagus and the rest of the GI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

stomach

A

muscular sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

three important functions of the stomach

A
  1. storing food and regulating the release of the food to the small intestine
    2.liquefying food
  2. carrying out the initial chemical digestion of proteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

chyme

A

mechanical digestion that is mixed with secretions produced by the glands of the stomach into a soupy mixture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

gastric glands

A

containing several types of secretory cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

pepsin

A

a protein splitting, digesting enzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

two major functions of the small intestine

A

chemical digestion and absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

duodenum

A

the first region of the small intestine that receives chyme from the stomach and digestive juices from the pancreas and liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

bile

A

a mixture of water, ions, cholesterol, bile pigments, and bile salts
plays a role in mechanical digestion

produced in the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and acts in the small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

villi

A

small fingerlike projections on the small intestine walls that increase surface area for absorption

22
Q

lacteal

A

lymphatic vessel in an intestine villus that aids in absorption of lipids

23
Q

pancreas

A

an accessory organ behind the stomach that secretes digestive enzymes and hormones that regulate blood sugar

24
Q

liver

A

the largest organ in the body that has metabolic and regulatory rules

25
Q

gallbladder

A

a muscular pear shaped sac that stores, modifies, and and concentrates bile

26
Q

large intestine

A

final segment of the gastrointestinal tract
plays a role in defecation

27
Q

cecum

A

a pouch that hangs below the junction of the small and large intestines
the appendix extends from the cecum

28
Q

appendix

A

a slender closed pouch that extends from the large intestine near the juncture with the small intestine

29
Q

colon

A

division of the large intestine

30
Q

three colons

A

ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon

31
Q

rectum

A

receives and temporarily stores the feces

32
Q

anal canal

A

the canal between the rectum and the anus

33
Q

nutrient

A

a substance in food that provides energy
essential for growth and function

34
Q

lipid

A

a compound that does not dissolve in water

35
Q

fat

A

consists of glycerol and three fatty acids

36
Q

low density lipoproteins

A

a protein carrier in the blood that transports cholesterol into the cells
often called the bad form of cholesterol

37
Q

high density of lipoproteins

A

i lipoprotein made in the liver and released into the blood that transports cholesterol away from the cells to the liver
good form of cholesterol

38
Q

carbohydrates

A

sugars and starches that provide fuel for the human body

39
Q

dietary fiber

A

nondigestible carbohydrate part of plant foods that form support structures and important for heart and colon health

40
Q

glycemic response

A

a measure that describes how quickly a serving of food is converted into blood sugar and how much the level of blood sugar is effected

41
Q

protein

A

consists of one or more chains of amino acids

42
Q

essential amino acids

A

any of the 9 amino acids the body cannot synthesize and therefore must be supplied in the diet

43
Q

complete proteins

A

contains ample amount of all the essential amino acids
animal sources are generally complete proteins

44
Q

incomplete proteins

A

proteins that are deficient in one or more essential amino acids
plant sources are generally incomplete proteins

45
Q

complementary proteins

A

combining incomplete proteins to complete your protein intake

46
Q

vitamin

A

organic compound essential for health and growth

47
Q

mineral

A

inorganic substances that are not broken down during digestion and are important in regulating cellular processes

48
Q

basal metabolic rate (BMR)

A

minimum energy required to keep an awake resting body alive

49
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

deliberate self starvation

50
Q

bullimia nervosa

A

binge eating followed by purging

biology final (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions