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biology final > body defenses > Flashcards

body defenses Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

pathogen

A

a disease causing organism

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2
Q

phagocytes

A

scavenger cells used to engulf and destroy particulate matter such as damaged tissues or dead cells

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3
Q

macrophages

A

a large phagocytic cell derived from a monocyte that lives in loose connective tissue and engulfs anything detected as foreign

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4
Q

natural killer cell

A

a type of cell in the immune system that roams the body in search of abnormal cells and quickly kills them

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5
Q

interferons

A

defensive protein that slows the spread of viruses by interfering with viral replication

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6
Q

complement system

A

a group of about 20 proteins that enhances the body defense mechanisms

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7
Q

inflammatory response

A

a nonspecific body response to injury invasion by foreign organisms

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8
Q

histamine

A

substance released by basophils and mast cells during an inflammatory response that causes blood vessels to widen and become more permeable

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9
Q

mast cells

A

small, mobile, connective tissue cells found near blood vessels that respond to injury and prevents blood clotting

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10
Q

adaptive immune response

A

body defense responses that are acquired by exposure to cells or substances that do not belong in the body

adaptive responses have memory for the pathogen that triggered them

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11
Q

MHC marker

A

molecules on the surface of the body that label the sell as “self”

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12
Q

antigen

A

a substance that is recognized as foreign by the immune system

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13
Q

b lymphocytes

A

a type of white blood cell important in antibody-mediated immune responses that can transform into a plasma cell and produce antibodies

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14
Q

t lymphocytes

A

white blood cell that can attack and destroy cells that are not recognized as belonging to the body such as an infected cell or a cancerous cell

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15
Q

effector cells

A

lymphocytes that are responsible for the attack on cells or substances not recognized by the body

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16
Q

memory cells

A

responds to an antigen and circulates for a long period of time

17
Q

antigen-presenting cell

A

a cell that presents an antigen to a helper t cell

18
Q

helper t cells

A

serves as main switch for entire immune response

19
Q

clonal selection

A

forms an army of cells specialized to attack the stimulating antigen

20
Q

antibody-mediated immune response

A

defend against enemies that are free in the body fluids

21
Q

plasma cells

A

the effector cell, produced from a b lymphocyte , that secretes antibodies

22
Q

antibodies

A

y shaped protein produced by plasma cells that defend against invaders

23
Q

immunoglobulins

A

any of the five classes of proteins that constitute the antibodies

24
Q

cytotoxic t cells

A

releases perforins that cause the target cell to burst

25
Q

cell mediated immune responses

A

protects against cellular threats

26
Q

suppressor t cell

A

turns off the immune response when the level of antigen fails by releasing chemicals that dampen the activity of both b cells and t cells

27
Q

active immunity

A

immune resistance in the body which the body actively participates by producing memory b cells and memory t cells after exposure of an antigen either naturally or through a vaccination

28
Q

passive immunity

A

temporary immune resistance that develops when a person receives antibodies that were produced by another person or animal

29
Q

monoclonal antibodies

A

defensive proteins specific for a particular antigen secreted by a clone of genetically identical cells descended from a single cell

30
Q

autoimmune disorder

A

an immune response misdirected against the bodys own tissues

31
Q

allergy

A

a strong immune response to an antigen that is usually not harmful to the body

32
Q

three lines of defense

A

nonspecific physical barriers
defensive cells and proteins
adaptive immune response

biology final (9 decks)

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