cardiovascular and lymphatic systems Flashcards
cardiovascular system
composed of the heart and blood vessels
distributes blood, delivers nutrients, and removes wastes
heart
muscular pump that keeps blood flowing through an animals body
four chambers of the human heart
two atria and two ventricles
artery
muscular tube that transports blood away from the heart towards the cells of body tissues
pulse
rhythmic expansion of an artery created by the surge of blood pushed along the artery
arterioles
small blood vessel located between an artery and a capillary
regulate blood flow
capillaries
microscopic blood vessel between arterioles and venules with walls only one cell layer thick
site where the exchange of materials between the blood and the tissues occurs
capillary bed
network of true capillaries servicing a particular area
precapillary sphincter
ringlike muscle that acts as a valve that opens and closes a capillary bed
venule
small blood vessel that receives blood from the capillaries
veins
blood vessel formed by the merger of venules that transport blood back towards the heart
myocardium
cardiac muscle tissue that makes up the bulk of the heart
endocardium
thin layer that lines the cavities of the heart
pericardium
fibrous sac enclosing the heart that holds the heart in the center of the chest without hampering its movement
septum
a wall that separates the right and left sides of the heart
ventricle
functions as the main pumps of the heart
right ventricle
pumps blood to the lungs
left ventricle
pumps blood to body tissues
atrioventricular valves
conducts an electrical impulse
semilunar valves
heart valves located between each ventricle and its connecting artery that prevent the backflow of blood from the artery to the ventricle
pulmonary circuit
pathway that transports blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs and back to the left atrium of the heart
systemic circuit
pathway of blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the cells of the body and back to the right atrium
coronary circulation
the system of blood vessels that services the tissues of the heart itself
coronary arteries
the arteries that brings blood to cardiac muscle
systole
contraction of the heart
diastole
relaxation of the heart
cardiac cycle
the events associated with the flow of blood through the heat during a single heartbeat
sinoatrial node
region of specialized cardiac muscle cells located in the right atrium
sends out electrical signal that spreads through the muscle cells of the atria causing them to contract
atrioventricular node
relays stimulus to ventricles that runs along the wall between the ventricles
electrocardiogram
graphical record of the electrical activities of the heart
blood pressure
the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels
systolic pressure
the highest pressure in an artery during each heartbeat
(when the heart is contracting)
diastolic pressure
the lowest blood pressure in an artery during the relaxation of the heart
(when the heart is relaxing)
lymphatic system
transports and assists in body defenses
lymph
the fluid within the vessels of the lymphatic system.
lymphatic vessels
vessel through which lymph flows
lymph nodes
small nodular organs found along lymph vessels that filter lymph
spleen
largest lymphoid organ
removes old or damaged blood vessels from the blood
thymus gland
gland located on the top of the heart that secretes hormones and decreases in size as we age
what is the biggest killer of men and women in the united states
cardiovascular disease
thrombus
stationary blood clot
embolism
blockage of a blood vessel
atherosclerosis
buildup of fatty substances in the arteries fueled by an inflammatory response
myocardial infarction (heart attack)
a part of the heart muscle dies because of insufficient blood supply
