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biology final > cardiovascular and lymphatic systems > Flashcards

cardiovascular and lymphatic systems Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

cardiovascular system

A

composed of the heart and blood vessels
distributes blood, delivers nutrients, and removes wastes

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2
Q

heart

A

muscular pump that keeps blood flowing through an animals body

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3
Q

four chambers of the human heart

A

two atria and two ventricles

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4
Q

artery

A

muscular tube that transports blood away from the heart towards the cells of body tissues

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5
Q

pulse

A

rhythmic expansion of an artery created by the surge of blood pushed along the artery

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6
Q

arterioles

A

small blood vessel located between an artery and a capillary
regulate blood flow

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7
Q

capillaries

A

microscopic blood vessel between arterioles and venules with walls only one cell layer thick
site where the exchange of materials between the blood and the tissues occurs

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8
Q

capillary bed

A

network of true capillaries servicing a particular area

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9
Q

precapillary sphincter

A

ringlike muscle that acts as a valve that opens and closes a capillary bed

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10
Q

venule

A

small blood vessel that receives blood from the capillaries

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11
Q

veins

A

blood vessel formed by the merger of venules that transport blood back towards the heart

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12
Q

myocardium

A

cardiac muscle tissue that makes up the bulk of the heart

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13
Q

endocardium

A

thin layer that lines the cavities of the heart

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14
Q

pericardium

A

fibrous sac enclosing the heart that holds the heart in the center of the chest without hampering its movement

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15
Q

septum

A

a wall that separates the right and left sides of the heart

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16
Q

ventricle

A

functions as the main pumps of the heart

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17
Q

right ventricle

A

pumps blood to the lungs

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18
Q

left ventricle

A

pumps blood to body tissues

19
Q

atrioventricular valves

A

conducts an electrical impulse

20
Q

semilunar valves

A

heart valves located between each ventricle and its connecting artery that prevent the backflow of blood from the artery to the ventricle

21
Q

pulmonary circuit

A

pathway that transports blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs and back to the left atrium of the heart

22
Q

systemic circuit

A

pathway of blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the cells of the body and back to the right atrium

23
Q

coronary circulation

A

the system of blood vessels that services the tissues of the heart itself

24
Q

coronary arteries

A

the arteries that brings blood to cardiac muscle

25
Q

systole

A

contraction of the heart

26
Q

diastole

A

relaxation of the heart

27
Q

cardiac cycle

A

the events associated with the flow of blood through the heat during a single heartbeat

28
Q

sinoatrial node

A

region of specialized cardiac muscle cells located in the right atrium
sends out electrical signal that spreads through the muscle cells of the atria causing them to contract

29
Q

atrioventricular node

A

relays stimulus to ventricles that runs along the wall between the ventricles

30
Q

electrocardiogram

A

graphical record of the electrical activities of the heart

31
Q

blood pressure

A

the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels

32
Q

systolic pressure

A

the highest pressure in an artery during each heartbeat
(when the heart is contracting)

33
Q

diastolic pressure

A

the lowest blood pressure in an artery during the relaxation of the heart
(when the heart is relaxing)

34
Q

lymphatic system

A

transports and assists in body defenses

35
Q

lymph

A

the fluid within the vessels of the lymphatic system.

36
Q

lymphatic vessels

A

vessel through which lymph flows

37
Q

lymph nodes

A

small nodular organs found along lymph vessels that filter lymph

38
Q

spleen

A

largest lymphoid organ
removes old or damaged blood vessels from the blood

39
Q

thymus gland

A

gland located on the top of the heart that secretes hormones and decreases in size as we age

40
Q

what is the biggest killer of men and women in the united states

A

cardiovascular disease

41
Q

thrombus

A

stationary blood clot

42
Q

embolism

A

blockage of a blood vessel

43
Q

atherosclerosis

A

buildup of fatty substances in the arteries fueled by an inflammatory response

44
Q

myocardial infarction (heart attack)

A

a part of the heart muscle dies because of insufficient blood supply

biology final (9 decks)

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