Digestive System And Metabolism

Question 1

Process by which the food we take in is converted into substances needed by the body

Answer 1

Digestion

Question 2

Breaking down food into smaller pieces

Answer 2

Mechanical Digestion

Question 3

Various digestive enzymes breaking down food

Answer 3

Chemical Digestion

Question 4

A rounded ball of chewed food

Answer 4

Bolus

Question 5

The first function of the digestive system is called ____________.

Answer 5

Ingestion

Question 6

The indigestible material eliminated from the body is called _________ and leaves the body through the anus.

Answer 6

Feces

Question 7

______________ help secure organs to the body wall and hold them in the proper position so that they won’t twist while also suspending them to allow them room to expand and to slide along other organs.

Answer 7

Mesenteries

Question 8

__________ is a condition resulting from an acute inflammation of the peritoneum.

Answer 8

Peritonitis

Question 9

Each tooth has three major regions: the crown, the neck, and the _______.

Answer 9

Root

Question 10

__________ is the hardest substance in the body, and it is very durable.

Answer 10

Enamel

Question 11

_________ makes up the majority of the volume of a tooth.

Answer 11

Dentin

Question 12

Produced by several glands; neutralizes acids

Answer 12

Saliva

Question 13

Made up of bits of food and other debris; bacteria love to live in it

Answer 13

Plaque

Question 14

A common kind of chronic inflammation; gum disease

Answer 14

Gingivitis

Question 15

Unprotected by __________, tooth decay can become severe.

Answer 15

Enamel

Question 16

There is some evidence that poor oral hygiene can lead to __________ disease.

Answer 16

Heart

Question 17

Secretes its products directly into the blood stream to be carried into the body

Answer 17

Endocrine gland

Question 18

Secretes its products by a means of a duct - a small tube directly into the place of it is needed

Answer 18

Exocrine Gland

Question 19

Causes the breakdown of starch in our food into sugars turns salty food sweet

Answer 19

Amylase

Question 20

Known as “dry mouth syndrome;” the direct result of an abnormally low production of saliva

Answer 20

Xerostomia

Question 21

The most common cause of parotitis is a particular viral infection called ________.

Answer 21

Mumps

Question 22

If not removed, plaque calcifies and hardens into __________.

Answer 22

Tartar

Question 23

Chronic bad teeth (____________) is associated with inadequate saliva production.

Answer 23

Hablitosis

Question 24

Chewing

Answer 24

Mastication

Question 25

Food entering the airway

Answer 25

Aspiration

Question 26

Happens throughout the GI tract as well as in other tubular structures, such as the ureters; without it, the food would never move onto the digestive tract; a series of coordinated movements of the muscles along the length of the tube, like the esophagus

Answer 26

Peristalsis

Question 27

Risk factors for gastroesophageal ________ disease include smoking, alcohol, diabetes, and obesity.

Answer 27

Reflux

Question 28

Found along the walls of the gastric gland, they secrete hydrochloric acid (HCI); the acid breaks down food

Answer 28

Parietal Cell

Question 29

The emptying of the stomach into the _________ intestine is controlled by the pyloric sphincter.

Answer 29

Small

Question 30

The mucus made by all those mucus cells protects the stomach lining from the corrosive effects of the very powerful _________ in the stomach.

Answer 30

Acid

Question 31

The chief cells also produce __________, which help break down fats in our food.

Answer 31

Lipase

Question 32

A condition in which either the quality or quantity of a persons red blood cells is poor

Answer 32

Anemia

Question 33

A type of Anemia associated with a deficiency of B12

Answer 33

Pernicious Anemia

Question 34

Occurs when there is damage to the epithelial lining of either the stomach or duodernum

Answer 34

Peptic Ulcer Disease

Question 35

Vomiting results from sudden, forceful contraction of the muscles of the abdomen and the ___________.

Answer 35

Diaphragm

Question 36

Ongoing vomiting, besides utterly miserable, can cause _________________, which might require intravenous fluids.

Answer 36

Dehydration

Question 37

When the pancreas is inflamed

Answer 37

Pancreatitis

Question 38

Breaks down lipids (fats)

Answer 38

Amylase

Question 39

A very aggressive kind of cancer that has a low survival rate

Answer 39

Lipases

Question 40

One of most common causes of pancreatitis is _________________.

Answer 40

Gallstones

Question 41

Other causes of pancreatitis include high levels of _______ in the blood, high levels of calcium in the blood, cystic fibrosis, infections, trauma, and certain medications.

Answer 41

Fats

Question 42

The _______________ in the pancreatic juice help neutralize the acid in the stomach contents that empty into the duodenum.

Answer 42

Bicarbonate

Question 43

Risk factors for pancreatic cancer include ____________, diabetes, and obesity.

Answer 43

Smoking

Question 44

A secretary product of the liver used in the digestion of lipids; a yellow green liquid

Answer 44

Bile

Question 45

A yellowish coloration of the skin due to elevated bilirubin levels

Answer 45

Jaundice

Question 46

The _________ has almost 500 different functions.

Answer 46

Liver

Question 47

Bile is stored in the ____________________ until needed.

Answer 47

Gall Bladder

Question 48

All the biochemical reactions that occur in the body to keep us alive

Answer 48

Metabolism

Question 49

Inflammation of the liver

Answer 49

Hepatitis

Question 50

Result of having too much cholesterol or too few bile salts in the bile

Answer 50

Gallstones

Question 51

If hepatitis persists for more than six months it is called __________ hepatitis.

Answer 51

Chronic

Question 52

A gallstone in the common bile duct can block the flow of bile and cause _______________, infection, and jaundice.

Answer 52

Inflammation

Question 53

Ammonia, delivered to the liver in the portal blood, is converted by the liver into a substance called _______.

Answer 53

Urea

Question 54

After passing through the pyloric sphincter, a milkshake-like mixture of partially digested food called ________ enters the small intestine.

Answer 54

Chyme

Question 55

Most __________ absorption takes place in the small intestine.

Answer 55

Nutrient

Question 56

Is used to elevate the stomach and duodenum to check for ulcers and inflammation

Answer 56

Endoscopy

Question 57

Partially digested food that is ready to leave the stomach

Answer 57

Chyme

Question 58

The last organ in the GI tract which is the large intestine

Answer 58

Colon

Question 59

Most endoscopes even have a channel through which the doctor can extend a pincer-like device that takes ____________ — samples of tissue for microscopic examination.

Answer 59

Biopsies

Question 60

Enzymes brought to the duodenum from the pancreas, particularly amylase, begin to break down ___________ in the chyme.

Answer 60

Starches

Question 61

In some people, examination of the colon will reveal small pouches that are called ______________.

Answer 61

Diverticula

Question 62

Known as diverticulitis, this is when diverticula become ______________.

Answer 62

Infected

Question 63

Is inflammation of the appendix

Answer 63

Appendicitis

Question 64

Bacteria that normally live in or on our bodies, often helping us in some way

Answer 64

Microbiome

Question 65

Mainly just water and _________________ are absorbed in the colon.

Answer 65

Electrolytes

Question 66

The large intestine processes any remaining indigestible material into its final form called __________.

Answer 66

Feces

Question 67

The symptoms of appendicitis typically include ________, nausea, elevated white blood cell count, and tenderness in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen.

Answer 67

Fever

Question 68

We realize that these “vestigial” organs are not ____________ but have very real functions in the body.

Answer 68

Useless

Question 69

The gas production from flatulence is the result of bacteria ______________ undigested sugars and starches that enter the large intestine.

Answer 69

Fementing