Chemistry Chapter 2 Test

Question 1

Temperature at which a thermodynamic system has its lowest energy

Answer 1

Absolute zero

Question 2

The ability to do work

Answer 2

Energy

Question 3

How does heat flow?

Answer 3

warm to cold

Question 4

What are the rules of writing an elements symbol?

Answer 4

The chemical symbol has one or two letters, must always start with a capital letter, secound letter must be lowercase

Question 5

Thermal energy and how it works?

Answer 5

Produced when a rise in temperature causes atoms and molecules to move faster and collide with eachother

Question 6

Condensation vs. Evaporation

Answer 6

Condensation: vapor to liquid
Evaporation: liquid turns into gas

Question 7

Closely spaced particles

Answer 7

Solid

Question 8

Widely spaced particles that interact only in momentary collisions; also known as vapor

Answer 8

Gas

Question 9

Gas-like substance; formed at very high temperatures, consists of high-energy ions; the most abundant form of matter in the universe

Answer 9

Plasma

Question 10

Properties of matter can be explained by the interrelationships between the forces between particles and the particles’ kinetic energy

Answer 10

Kinetic Molecular Theory

Question 11

Exothermic vs Endothermic

Answer 11

Exothermic releases more energy than it absorbs, endothermic absorbs more energy than it releases

Question 12

Examples of exothermic

Answer 12

Firecracker explosion

Question 13

Examples of endothermic

Answer 13

chemical cold packs

Question 14

Energy in a system becomes less usable when energy _____________

Answer 14

Decreases

Question 15

Know the 6 common forms of energy

Answer 15

Kinetic, potential, mechanical, thermal, acoustic, electrical, electromagnetic, chemical, nuclear

Question 16

Know the three laws of thermodynamics

Answer 16

1. Matter cannot be created or destroyed, but can change from one form to another
2. The entrophy of an isolated system will always increase
3. We can never decrease a systems entrophy to an absolute miniumum

Question 17

Compounds vs. Elememts

Answer 17

A compound is a pure substance that consists of two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio, an element is a pure substance that consists of only one kind of atom

Question 18

An element that naturally occurs as molecules of two or more molecules

Answer 18

Polyatomic element

Question 19

An element that occurs as molecules of two atoms

Answer 19

Diatomic element

Question 20

An element that can naturally occur as an individual atom

Answer 20

Monatomic element

Question 21

Homogeneous mixture vs. Heterogenous mixture

Answer 21

homogeneous is a mixture that only has one phase, gives it uniform appearance, Heterogenous is a mixture that has two or more distance regions, gives it a nonuniform appearence

Question 22

Mixture vs. pure substance

Answer 22

Mixture: combanation of two or more substances that are physically combined in a changeable ratio
Pure: consists of only one type of matter

Question 23

Enables it to be drawn into long, thin wires

Answer 23

Ductility

Question 24

The amount of matter in a unit of volume

Answer 24

Density

Question 25

Enables it to transfer thermal energy or electricity

Answer 25

Conductivity

Question 26

Any change in appearance or state of matter that doen't cause any chemical change

Answer 26

Physical Change

Question 27

Any change that changes it's chemical identity

Answer 27

Chemical change

Question 28

Physical properties

Answer 28

color, shape, odor, taste, etc.

Question 29

Chemical property

Answer 29

Reactivity, flammability, toxicity

Question 30

Examples of physical changes

Answer 30

Cutting paper, crushing a can

Question 31

Examples of chemical changes

Answer 31

Souring milk, boiling eggs, burning paper