Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P Exam 3 > Digestive System - Anatomy > Flashcards

Digestive System - Anatomy Flashcards

0
Q

The gastrointestinal tract is sometimes called the _____.

A

alimentary canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

The digestive system organs fall into two major groups: the _____ and the _____.

A

gastrointestinal (GI) tract; accessory organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a(n) _____ tube that twists its way from the mouth to the anus. Chemically inert objects can travel in one end and out the other without change, and are technically never inside the body.

A

continuous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
  1. The organs of the gastrointestinal tract, taken in order, begins with the mouth, includes the _____, _____, _____, _____ and _____, and ends with the anus.
A

pharynx; esophagus; stomach;small intestine; large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The accessory digestive organs modify ingested food either _____ or _____, or both.

A

mechanically; chemically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The accessory digestive organs include the _____, _____, _____, _____, _____ and _____.

A

teeth; tongue; gallbladder; salivary glands; liver; pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The central area of the gastrointestinal tract is called the _____, a name that describes this region in many other tubular organs as well.

A

lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The organs of the digestive system which are found in the abdominal cavity, and the cavity itself, are lined by a(n) _____ membrane: the _____.

A

serous; peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The peritoneal cavity is located between the visceral and parietal layers of the peritoneum and is filled with _____.

A

serous fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The _____ are double-layered extensions of the peritoneum which connect the abdominal organs to the abdominal walls. Collectively, these extensions are called the _____.

A

mesenteries; mesentery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Several organs lie outside the peritoneal cavity, between the parietal peritoneum and the dorsal abdominal wall. These are referred to as _____ organs.

A

retroperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The duodenum, pancreas, ascending colon, descending colon, rectum, kidneys, adrenal glands, and urinary bladder are all _____ organs.

A

retroperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The _____ contains blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves which supply the digestive organs.

A

mesentery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The _____ holds the abdominal organs in place and prevents them from shifting within the abdominal cavity. In addition, fat accumulates within its folds.

A

mesentery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The most visible mesentery (upon dissection) is the folded layer which hangs like a curtain from the stomach and transverse colon; it is called the _____.

A

greater omentum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fat accumulates between the folds of the _____, leading to its alternate name: the ‘fatty apron.’

A

greater omentum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The oral cavity is divided into two regions: the _____ lies outside of the boundary formed by the teeth (or gums, aka _____) but inside of the mouth; the _____ lies inside of the boundary formed by the teeth (or gums).

A

vestibule; gingiva; oral cavity proper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The posterior of the oral cavity leads into the _____.

A

pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The Latin word for lip is _____ (plural, _____).

A

labium; labia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The roof of the oral cavity is divided into two parts: the bony _____ and the _____.

A

hard palate; soft palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The _____ is the ‘dangly bit’ that projects from the soft palate; together with the soft palate, it prevents _____ as one swallows.

A

uvula; food from entering the
nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The opening to the pharynx, aka the _____, is bounded laterally by the _____ of the lymphatic system.

A

fauces; tonsils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The intrinsic muscles of the tongue allow it to change _____, while the extrinsic muscles change its _____.

A

shape; position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Small bumps on the tongue enhance the tongue’s ability to _____. In addition, some house receptors called _____.

A

grip food; taste buds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Children have _____ teeth, adults (counting wisdom teeth), _____.

A

20; 32

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

_____ are teeth which cut; _____, teeth which tear; and _____ and _____, teeth which grind.

A

Incisors; canines; premolars;
molars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The part of a tooth visible above the gums is the _____; the part below the gums, the _____; and the boundary between the two, the _____.

A

crown; root; neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The root of a tooth is composed of an outer layer of living tissue called _____, within which lies a cavity called the root canal which contains _____ (connective tissue), _____ and _____.

A

dentin; pulp; blood vessels; nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The crown of a tooth is composed of a core of living tissue called _____ surrounded by a layer of nonliving _____, the hardest substance in the body.

A

dentin; enamel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Teeth are held in their sockets by _____; the joints they form with the _____ (the sockets) are called gomphoses.

A

periodontal ligaments; alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

_____ pairs of large salivary glands and hundreds of microscopic ones produce saliva, which lubricates and moistens the oral cavity.

A

Three

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

The parotid glands are located _____, and produce _____ (watery) saliva.

A

posterolateral to the masseter;
serous

32
Q

The submandibular glands are salivary glands which are located _____, and produce _____ (watery) saliva.

A

inferomedial to each side of the mandible; serous

33
Q

The sublingual glands are salivary glands which are located _____ and which produce _____ saliva.

A

beneath the tongue; mucus-rich

34
Q

The esophagus is a tube lying anterior to the _____ and posterior to the_____ and _____. It connects the _____ to the _____, and has a(n) _____ at each end to control the entry and exit of food and drink.

A

vertebrae; larynx; trachea; pharynx; stomach; sphincter

35
Q

The lower esophageal sphincter is also known as the _____.

A

cardiac sphincter

36
Q

The musculature of the esophagus is unusual in that the upper part is _____, while the lower part (close to the stomach) is _____.

A

voluntary muscle; smooth muscle

37
Q

The upper opening of the stomach is the _____ or _____ opening; leakage of substances through the opening is prevented by the _____.

A

gastroesophageal; cardiac; cardiac sphincter

38
Q

One part of the stomach, the _____, is superior to the cardiac sphincter. (Gas sometimes accumulates here, leading to an uncomfortably bloated sensation.)

A

fundus

39
Q

The stomach’s contents leave to enter the small intestine via the _____, and unintentional leakage of substances through the opening is prevented by the _____.

A

pyloric orifice; pyloric sphincter

40
Q

The stomach churns food and mixes it with gastric secretions to form _____, which literally means ‘juice.’

A

chyme

41
Q

The interior of the empty stomach is extremely wrinkled: these wrinkles, or folds, are called _____ and allow the stomach to expand and stretch when storing food or drink.

A

rugae

42
Q

The stomach does not digest itself because its lumen is coated heavily with a layer of _____.

A

neutral to alkaline mucus

43
Q

The lower region of the stomach (the _____ region) contracts against the lower sphincter, which does not fully open, in order to transfer chyme a little bit at a time to the small intestines.

A

pyloric

44
Q

The small intestine is divided conceptually into three regions. Listed in order as food moves, they are the _____, _____ and _____.

A

duodenum; jejunum; ileum

45
Q

The 25 cm _____ is the C-shaped portion of the small intestine into which the stomach empties. Its name is derived from the number 12, for ‘12 inches.’

A

duodenum

46
Q

The second-longest portion of the small intestine is the _____, measuring 2.5 meters (just
over 8 feet) in length. (It quickly becomes clear that the small intestine is named ‘small’
due to its diameter, not its length.)

A

jejunum

47
Q

The longest portion of the small intestine is the _____, measuring 3.5 meters (almost 11.5
feet)

A

ileum

48
Q

The great length of the small intestine is necessary for _____; in addition, its surface is
formed into _____, _____ and _____, so that its total surface area is huge - roughly the
size of a tennis court!

A

nutrient absorption; circular

folds; villi; microvilli

49
Q

The large intestine is divided into five regions. The _____, _____ and approximately one
half of the _____ are found on the right side of the body.

A

vermiform appendix; cecum;

colon

50
Q

The large intestine is divided into five regions. Approximately one half of the _____ is
found on the left side of the body; from there, feces reach the _____, their final storage
place prior to their exit through the _____.

A

colon; rectum; anal canal

51
Q

The colon is divided into four regions, the _____ colon on the right side of the body, the
_____ colon which crosses from right to left, and the _____ colon and _____ colon on the
left side of the body.

A

ascending; transverse;

descending; sigmoid

52
Q

The _____ is a vestigial organ roughly the size of one’s index finger, suspended from the
cecum.

A

vermiform appendix

53
Q

The chyme, or bolus, enters the large intestine at the top of the _____, and is allowed to
fill it and remain there for awhile to decrease the water content.

A

cecum

54
Q

Entry of chyme into the large intestine is controlled by the _____, which is found at the
juncture of the ileum and large intestine.

A

ileocecal valve

55
Q

The teniae coli are _____ which run the length of the large intestine. They cause the
formation of puckered pouches called _____ along the entire length of the large intestine.

A

ribbons of smooth muscle;

haustra

56
Q

Small, fat-filled pouches are attached to the large intestine here and there along its length:
these are called _____.

A

epiploic appendages

57
Q

The anal canal is a 1.5 cm passageway which conducts feces out of the rectum. It
includes two _____; the inner one is involuntary, the outer, voluntary.

A

sphincters

58
Q

The bulk of the liver is on the _____ side of the body, _____ to the esophagus and vena
cava.

A

right; anterior

59
Q

The lobes of the liver are the _____, _____, _____ and _____ lobes.

A

left; right; caudate; quadrate

60
Q

The quadrate lobe of the liver is _____ to the caudate lobe. Both lie beneath and between
the left and right lobes.

A

anterior

61
Q

The region on the _____ surface of the liver at which blood vessels, ducts, and nerves
enter the organ is known as the _____.

A

inferior; porta

62
Q

Blood enters the liver via two major vessels, the _____ and _____.

A

hepatic artery; portal vein

63
Q

. Innervation of the liver is enabled by entry of the _____ through the porta.

A

hepatic nerve plexus

64
Q

Lymphatic vessels and _____ hepatic bile ducts leave the liver through the
porta. The hepatic ducts merge to form the _____.

A

two; common hepatic duct

65
Q

Dilute bile is produced by the liver and transferred to the _____, where it is _____ and
_____.

A

gallbladder; concentrated;

stored until needed

66
Q

The amount of bile produced daily is determined in part by one’s _____ daily intake: thus,
a sudden decrease in intake (as on a diet) may result in the _____.

A

average; accumulation of

unused bile

67
Q

Accumulation of unused bile in the gallbladder is dangerous, because as water and
electrolytes continue to be removed, _____.

A

cholesterol may precipitate and

form gallstones

68
Q

The gallbladder can store approximately _____ ml ( plus or minus 15 ml or so) of
concentrated bile.

A

55

69
Q

Bile leaves the gallbladder via the _____ duct, which merges with the _____ duct to form
the _____ duct.

A

cystic; common hepatic;

common bile

70
Q

The gallbladder has three layers: the lumen is lined with _____, which is surrounded by
the _____, and that in turn by _____.

A

mucosa; muscularis; serosa

71
Q

The mucosa of the gallbladder, when empty, is _____ to form _____.

A

folded; rugae

72
Q

The pancreas is a long, roughly triangular organ nestled in the curve of the _____, lying
posterior to the _____.

A

duodenum; stomach

73
Q

The head of the pancreas lies against the _____, while the tail extends toward (and
almost reaches) the _____.

A

duodenum; spleen

74
Q

The pancreas is essentially two glands in one: that is, it has both _____ and _____
functions.

A

endocrine; exocrine

75
Q

The _____ are clusters of cells in the pancreas which secrete digestive enzymes.

A

acini

76
Q

The secretions of the acini are collected in a network of ducts which feeds into the _____,
which empties into the _____ via two branches, one small and one large.

A

pancreatic duct; duodenum

77
Q

The smaller branch of the pancreatic duct enters the duodenum via the _____.

A

minor duodenal papilla

78
Q

The larger branch of the pancreatic duct joins the _____ to form the _____, which empties
into the duodenum via the _____.

A

common bile duct;
hepatopancreatic ampulla;
major duodenal papilla

A&P Exam 3 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions