Digestive system Flashcards
Oral candidiasis can be treated with this oral suspension.
Nystatin.
Name some of the risk factors for peptic ulcers.
- Infection by Helicobacter pylori.
- Excessive consumption of alcohol.
- Smoking.
- Excessive gastric secretions as a result of stress.
- Excessive use of NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs).
- Excessive consumption of caffeine.
- Family history.
What happens to bring about a gastric ulcer?
Mucus lines the digestive tract and acts as a barrier against the acidic gastric secretions. Too little mucus production coupled with too much acid production will leave the digestive tract vulnerable to acid erosion and ulceration.
Describe ulcerative colitis, where does it start and where does it affect?
Ulcerative colitis is the chronic inflammation of the mucous membrane of the colon and the rectum.
The process starts in the mucosa and submucosa of the rectum and spreads along the colon, as far as the ileocecal valve.
The inflammation and mucosal destruction lead to swelling. oedema and bleeding, and as the disease progresses, ulceration develops. The inflammation spreads through the submucosa, causing necrosis and sloughing of the mucous membrane. In the later stages of the disease, the walls of the colon thicken and become fibrous. this leads to a narrowing of the lumen of the large intestine, which can lead to intestinal obstruction. Loss of normal large intestine function can lead to complications such as dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Abdominal cramping and pain are associated with these attacks.
Name the two forms of inflammatory bowel disease.
Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease.
Where does Crohn’s disease occur?
Anywhere in the GI tract from mouth to anus, in pockets of inflammatory lesions.
Ulcerative colitis lesions affect which layers of the GI tract?
The mucosa and submucosa.
In Crohn’s disease the lesions affect which layers of the GI tract?
The mucosa, submucosa and muscalaris layers (transmural).
How can Crohn’s disease lead to peritonitis?
If an infected lesion breaks through the intestinal wall and spills its contents into the peritoneum.
What does GERD/GORD stand for?
Gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Lying on which side is preventive of symptoms of GERD?
Left-hand side.
Peptic ulcers can occur where?
Lower oesophagus, stomach, and the duodenum.
What is hepatitis?
Inflammation of the liver.
What are the two principal causes of hepatitis?
- Viral infection with hepatitis A-E.
- Exposure of the liver to harmful substances- alcohol, medicines, toxins.
What are antiemetic drugs used for?
Management of vomiting and nausea.
