Digestive System

Question 1

What four processes make up digestive system?

Answer 1

Digestion Secretion Absorption Motility

Question 2

What are the exocrine secretions of the stomach?

Answer 2

Hydrochloric acid Pepsin Mucus and Intrinsic factor

also produces hormone gastrin

Question 3

What performs most digestion?

Answer 3

Small intestine through hydrolytic enzymes also absorbs food molecules

Question 4

What does the small intestine secrete into its lumen?

Answer 4

Water salts mucus into its lumen and the liver/gallbladder secretes bile into it

Question 5

What does the liver secrete?

Answer 5

Bile salts into SI and Bicarbonate for acid neutralization

pancreas also secretes bicarb

Question 6

Four tunics of GI wall?

Answer 6

Mucosa: epi +lamina propria + muscularis mucosa

Submucosa: CT + submucosal plexus

Muscularis Ext.: smooth mm. circ and long. myenteric plexus between

Serosa: CT outer layer connects to wall
adventitia is esophagus

Question 7

What makes up brush border?

Answer 7

microvilli

Question 8

where does most absorbed fat enter?

Answer 8

Enters the lymph through the lacteal by diffusion and eventually is emptied to thoracic duct and into circulation

Question 9

What makes up the hepatic portal vein?

Answer 9

Inferior mesenteric vein and splenic vein

Question 10

What form are carbs mostly ingested as?

Answer 10

Starch, sucrose, lactose

Question 11

How is cellulose broken down?

Answer 11

In the large intestine by bacteria

Question 12

What is sucrose made of?

Answer 12

Glucose + Fructose

Question 13

What is lactose made of?

Answer 13

Galactose + Glucose

Question 14

What enzyme forms majority of carb digestion in the SI, where does it come from?

Answer 14

amylase in the pancreatic juice

Question 15

What enzymes are found in the brush border of the SI?

Answer 15

Lactase sucrase maltase and alpha-dextrinase

Question 16

How is fructose absorbed into SI?

Answer 16

Through facilitated diffusion usihng GLUT-5 and fructose concentration gradient

Question 17

Glucose and galactose enter SI mucosal epi cells through ___.

Answer 17

SGLT-1

secondary active transport uses ATP allows complete absorption

Question 18

How do fru glu and gal move from interstitial fluid into blood?

Answer 18

Using GLUT-2 facilitated diffusion

Question 19

What enzymes in SI produce peptide fragmentws?

Answer 19

trypsin and chymotrypsin pepsin

Question 20

What breaks peptide fragments into free amino acids in SI?

Answer 20

pancreatic enzyme carboxypeptidase and aminopeptidase

Question 21

How do free amino acids enter epithelial cells?

Answer 21

sodium co transport

Question 22

How do chains of 2-3 amino acids enter cells?

Answer 22

secondary active transport coupled to H

Question 23

How do amino acids move from cells to interstitial fluid?

Answer 23

facilitated diffusion

Question 24

How are most lipids ingested?

Answer 24

Triglycerides

can’t be absorbed need to be broken down by lipase