Digestive system

Question 1

What is the first region of the small intestine?

Answer 1

Duodenum

The duodenum is the section where digestive juices from the liver and pancreas mix.

Question 2

What does the liver produce to aid digestion?

Answer 2

Bile

Bile emulsifies fat into smaller droplets for easier digestion.

Question 3

What enzymes does pancreatic juice contain?

Answer 3

Lipase, protease, amylase

These enzymes are responsible for the digestion of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates respectively.

Question 4

What is the last part of the small intestine?

Answer 4

Ileum

The ileum connects to the cecum of the large intestine.

Question 5

What is the primary function of villi in the small intestine?

Answer 5

Absorb nutrients

Villi have a large surface area and a short diffusion pathway for efficient nutrient absorption.

Question 6

How thick is the lining of each villus?

Answer 6

One cell thick

This structure facilitates nutrient absorption.

Question 7

What is the function of lacteals in the villi?

Answer 7

Absorb fats

Fats are absorbed through lacteals into the lymphatic system before entering the bloodstream.

Question 8

What are the components of waste matter (faeces)?

Answer 8

Cellulose, dead bacteria, cells from the intestinal lining

These components are part of the waste eliminated from the digestive system.

Question 9

Where does the small intestine meet the large intestine?

Answer 9

In the right-hand lower corner of the abdomen

This area includes the cecum and appendix.

Question 10

What is the role of insulin?

Answer 10

Helps turn food into energy and manage blood sugar levels

Insulin is produced by beta cells in the pancreas.

Question 11

What does glucagon do?

Answer 11

Regulates blood glucose levels

Glucagon works in opposition to insulin.

Question 12

What is bilirubin?

Answer 12

A substance formed when red blood cells are broken down

High bilirubin levels can indicate liver dysfunction.

Question 13

What is the stored form of glucose called?

Answer 13

Glycogen

Glycogen is made up of many connected glucose molecules.

Question 14

True or False: There are enzymatic juices present in the colon.

Answer 14

False

The colon does not contain enzymatic juices for digestion.

Question 15

What is the function of mucus in the digestive system?

Answer 15

Reduces friction of waste movement

Mucus is secreted by goblet cells in the digestive tract.

Question 16

What is the role of the outer band of muscle in the colon?

Answer 16

Peristalsis

This muscle aids in the movement of waste through the digestive system.