DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards
increased water content of the stool or stool volume greater than 200 grams in 24 hours.
diarrhea
fewer than 3 bowel movemnts per week; 25% or more defecations with either straining or sensation of incomplete evacuation
Constipation
occurs when hollow abdominal organs, such as the intestines, become distended or contract forcefully or when the capsules of solid organs such as the lvier and intermittently timed, this type of pain is often characterized as dull, aching, burning, cramping or colicky
visceral pain
occurs when the parietal peritoneum becomes inflamed, as in appendicities or peritonitis. This type of pain tends to localize more to the source and is characterized as a more severe and steady pain.
Parietal pain
Often described as “feeling sick to my stomach”
Nausea
describes involuntary spasm of stomach, diaphragm, and esophagus that preceds and culminated in
retching
the forceful expulsion of gastic contents out of the mouth
vomiting
urinary tract symptoms
- suprapubic pain
- dysuria, urgency or frquency
- polyuria or nocturia
- hematuria
- flank pain
abnormal blowing or swishing sounds heard on ausculation of the arteries which are vascular sounds resembling heart murmurs over the aorta or other arteries in the abdomen
bruits
- to assess the amount and distribution of gas in the abdomen
- to assess for viscera and masses that are solid or fluid-filled
- to identify the size of liver and spleen
percussion
palpation is divided into two parts:
light and deep
it is the sound that gas makes as it moves through the intestines
it is often called “stomach growling”
borborygmi
consists of clicks and gurgles and 5-30 per minute. An occasional borborygmus may be heard
normal bowel sound
hypoactive bowel sounds are considered as one every 3 to 5 minutes, and this can indicate diarrhea. anxiety, or gastroenteritis
abnormal bowel sound
painful swallowing
odynophagia
difficulty urinating
dysuria
excessive urination
polyuria
blood in urine
hematuria
excessive urination @ night
nocturia
ends in duodenum
black stool
UPPER G.I. SYMPTOMS
duodenum to rectum
fresh/red blood in stool
lower G.I. Symptoms
superficial edema and bruising
cullen signs
refers to bruising of flanks (? or planks lol)
blue discoloration
grey turner sign
