Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology UAS > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

examples of eating disorders (2)

A

anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

behavior of anorexic person

A

obsess about their weight and the food they eat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

behavior of bulimic person

A

cycle of binging (eating large amounts of food), purging (throwing everything up), and restricting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

famous celebrity that spoke about her experience with EDs?

A

Jane Fonda (bulimia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

problems with miss america (2)

A

bmi has been declining since before the 1930s, average bmi is 18-19

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how many americans are obese?

A

about 1/3 of american adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

which parts of our diet do added sugars come from (7)

A

soft drinks, table sugar make up over half
+ baked goods, fruit drinks, ice cream, candy, cereal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are added sugars?

A

sugar carbohydrates added to food and drinks during processing or preparation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how long do fat cells (adipocytes) remain after being formed?

A

forever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does dieting do to the body?

A

triggers metabolic slowdown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

components of digestive system (11)

A

mouth, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

capacity of stomach

A

approx. 6 cups of food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what’s in stomach juices? (3)

A

HCl, pepsinogen (inactive), pepsin (active, breaks down proteins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what do current obesity drugs target in general?

A

the brain and appetite for short-term weight loss
they don’t directly target metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what do stomach cells secrete into the bloodstream

A

the gastrin hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does gastrin do

A

stimulates secretion of gastric acid (HCl)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the small intestine?

A

a long, narrow, winding, muscular tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how long is the small intestine

A

10 feet long

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

where is bile produced and stored

A

produced by liver, stored in gallbladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

function of bile

A

physically breaks down fat globules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

where is pancreatic juice produced and its function

A

in the pancreas, secretes enzymes that break down carbs, proteins, fats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

where is intestinal juice produced and its function

A

small intestine, aids in digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are villi and their function

A

tiny fingerlike folds in the wall of the small intestine that increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream (from 10ft to 1/4 of a football field)

22
Q

what is left after absorption in the small intestine (2)

A

waste material, fiber

23
Q

what does the colon absorb from the waste (3)

A

water, potassium, sodium

24
Q

examples of colon malfunction (3)

A

appendicitis, constipation, colon cancer

25
Q

symptom of colon cancer (1)

A

blood in feces

26
Q

possible causes of colon cancer (2)

A

genetic defects, low-fiber diet

27
Q

what’s one way to prevent colon cancer?

A

eat more dietary fiber

28
Q

types of dietary fiber (2)

A

soluble and insoluble fiber

29
Q

what does soluble fiber do (3)

A
  • retains water
  • turns to gel during digestion
  • slows digestion and nutrient absorption in stomach and intestine
30
Q

what does insoluble fiber do (2)

A
  • speeds passage of food through stomach and intestine
  • adds bulk to stool
31
Q

what are probiotics, give one example

A

live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host
ex: yoghurt

32
Q

what happens to nutrients after being absorbed through the villi? (3)

A

(1) they’re carried through a blood vessel (portal vein)
(2) then to the liver
(3) where theyre broken down to be used by the body

33
Q

carbs are broken down into?

A

glucose

34
Q

fats are broken down into?

A

fatty acids

35
Q

proteins are broken down into?

A

amino acids

36
Q

what nutrients dont need to be broken down? (3)

A

vitamins, minerals, water

37
Q

what happens to excess glucose?

A

it’s stored as glycogen

38
Q

how is excess glucose stored if glycogen stores are full?

A

it is converted to fat and stored in adipose (fat) cells

39
Q

what happens to excess fatty acids and amino acids?

A

also stored as stored fat in adipose cells

40
Q

where is excess iron stored? (2)

A

liver, bone marrow

41
Q

recommended amount of carbohydrates in diet?

A

45% - 65% of daily calorie intake

42
Q

recommended amount of fats in diet?

A

20% - 35% of daily calorie intake

43
Q

recommended amount of proteins in diet?

A

10% - 35% of daily calorie intake

44
Q

how much energy is contained in carbs, fats, and proteins in kilojoules?

A

carbohydrates: 17 kJ/g
fats: 37 kJ/g
proteins: 17 kJ/g

45
Q

what happens with an adequate intake of calcium (2)

A

blood calcium remains normal
calcium is deposited in bones, resulting in strong, dense bones

46
Q

what happens with a calcium deficient diet

A

bones give up calcium to the blood to maintain normal blood calcium, leading to weak, osteoporotic bones

47
Q

define malnutrition

A

any condition caused by excess or deficient food energy or nutrient intake or by an imbalance of nutrients

48
Q

describe overnutrition and give an example

A

excess energy or nutrients
ex: obesity

49
Q

describe undernutrition and give examples (2)

A

deficient energy or nutrients
ex: protein-energy malnutrition (PEM): kwashiorkor, marasmus

50
Q

what influences our food choices? (11)

A
  • personal preference
  • habit
  • ethnic heritage or tradition
  • social interactions
  • availability
  • convenience
  • economy
  • positive and negative associations
  • emotional comfort
  • values
  • body weight and image
51
Q

dietary guidelines, part 1 (6)

A
  • Aim for a healthy weight
  • Be physically active daily
  • Follow the pyramid guide
  • Choose a variety of grains
  • Eat a variety of fruits and vegetables
  • Keep food safe
52
Q

dietary guidelines, part 2 (6)

A
  • Limit saturated fat and cholesterol
  • Moderate total fat intake
  • Reduce sugar intake
  • Use less salt in food preparation
  • Drink alcohol in moderation (if at all)
  • Enjoy eating in moderation
53
Q

food groups in the USDA Food Guide Pyramid with recommended servings? (6)

A
  • Fats, Oils & Sweets (use sparingly)
  • Milk, Yogurt & Cheese Group (2–3)
  • Vegetable Group (3–5)
  • Meat, Poultry, Fish, Dry Beans, Eggs & Nuts Group (2–3)
  • Fruit Group (2–4)
  • Bread, Cereal, Rice & Pasta Group (6–11)

Biology UAS (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions