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Anatomy & Physiology TEAS > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Structure of Digestion System

A

Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large instestine
Rectum

All are organs

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2
Q

Allmentary Canal

A

Also known as GI tract or gut

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3
Q

Accessory Digestive glands

A

Teeth
Toung
Gallbladder
Digestion gland

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4
Q

Digestion gland

A

Produces secretion that help break down foodstuffs

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5
Q

Types of Digestion gland

A

Pancrease
Salivary gland
Liver

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6
Q

Small Intestine

A

Extend from plyoric sphincter to ileocecal
Microvilli - enzymes are embedded
Duodenum - shortest segment
jejunum -main site of absorption
ileum - narrowest in diameter

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7
Q

Large intestine

A
  • Specialized of Vitamin K biotin, sodium ions, chloride ions and water
  • Cecum - Large intestine is a pouch
  • colon - middle portion, divided into ascending colon. transverse,
  • rectum - opens anus
  • anal canal - last portion of rectum, involuntary internal and voluntary exertnal sphincter
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8
Q

CCK - Cholecystokinin

A

produced in the small intestine

stimulates the release of enzymes from pancreas and the bile from the liver

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8
Q

Gastrin

A

Produced in the stomach and stimulates acid

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9
Q

Secretin

A

produced in the small intestine

Stimulates the production of bicarbonate by the pancreas

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10
Q

Insulin

A

produced in the pancreas

regulates blood sugar level

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11
Q

Glucagon

A

Produced in the pancreas

Helps release glucose from the liver

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12
Q

Bile

A

Produced by the liver and stopped in the gallbladdar. Yellow-green solution bile salts pigment cholestorol and electrolytes

helps break down fat in small intestine

Enhances fat-soluble Vitamin A, D, E, and K

Stored and concentrated in gallbladdar

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13
Q

Peritoneum

A

serous membrane of abdominal cavity that consist 2 peritoneum membrane

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13
Q

Visceral peritoneum

A

membrane on the external surface of most digestive organs

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14
Q

Parietal peritoneum

A

membrane line body wall

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15
Q

Peritoneal cavity

A

Fluid filled space between two peritoneum

fluid lubricates most organs

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16
Q

Mesentery

A

doubled layer of peritoneum

provided routes for blood vessls, lymphatic, and nerves

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17
Q

Interperitonuem organs

A

organs that are located within the peritoneum

18
Q

Retroperitoneal organs

A

located outside posterior to the peritoneum

19
Q

Submucosa

A

areolar connective tissue, has abundant amount of elastic tissue that helps organs to regain shape after strong large meal

20
Q

Muscularis external

A

Muscle layer responsible for segmentation and peristalisis

21
Q

Serosa

A

Outmost layer which is made up visceral peritoneum

22
Q

Peristalis

A

Moves food from the pharynx to the esophogus to the stomach

Involuntary process

23
Q

Segmentation

A

Occrs in instestines

24
Q

What happens during ingestion?

A

Food is moistened by saliva

25
Q

Salivary amylase

A

chemical breakdown of fats

26
Q

Lyozymes

A

enzyme that work together with immuglobin

27
Q

Mucin

A

protein that helps form a gel-like coating that lubiricates the bolus of food

28
Q

Stomach

A

muscle organ that stretch to accomdate a high vuolume of food. Located in the left superior region of abdomen

29
Q

What is the primary role of stomach?

A

storage and mechanical breakdown of food

30
Q

What is Rugae?

A

series of ridges that allow stomach to expand

31
Q

What are the types of gastric glands of mucosa?

A

Mucous
Parietal
Cheif
Endrocrine cells

32
Q

Endocrine - G Cell

A

release hormones into blood

33
Q

Parietal Cell

A

secrete instrinsic factor, located in small intestines. Release Hydrochloric acid

34
Q

What are Chiefs Cells?

A

activation of pepsinogen ( also known as pepsin) Break down protein into smaller peptide chains

35
Q

What are mucous?

A

secretes bicardonate-containing mucus to protect the stomach from the acidity and digestive enzymes

36
Q

Cardiac Region

A

where food is emptied in the stomach

37
Q

Fundus

A

most superior region of the stomach

38
Q

What is the largest and most central region of digestion?

A

Body

39
Q

Liver

A

Not part of alimentary canal. 4 lobes organ

40
Q

What is the function of gastrointesinal system when it comes to the Liver?

A

production of bile, nutrients meyabolism, detoxifcation

41
Q

What is the primary funciton of liver?

A

Synthesis of bile

42
Q

ENS - Enteric nervous System

A

operate to the brain and the spinal cord and communicate though CNS, PNS, SNS

43
Q

What are the two main partd of ENS?

A

Submucosal and Myenteric plexuses

44
Q

Submucosal

A

embedded with connective tissue. function is to regulate secretion, absoprtion, contraction of submucosal mucle and blood flow

45
Q

Myenteric plexus

A

located between circular and longitudinal layers of musclaris external

Anatomy & Physiology TEAS (12 decks)

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