Digestive System

Question 1

What is the function of the digestive system?

Answer 1

Breakdown foodstuffs, absorp nutrients, and protect against bad stuff.

Question 2

Organs in the Alimentary (Gastrointestinal) Canal

Answer 2

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine

Question 3

Accesory digestive organs

Answer 3

Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, gallbladder, liver, and pancreas.

Question 4

Acessory organs are connected to the alimentary canal by

Answer 4

ducts

Question 5

Location and main function of peritoneum

Answer 5

A serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity

Question 6

What two layers does the peritoneum have?

Answer 6

Visceral layer: covers organs
Parietal layer: lines the walls of the body cavity

Question 7

Peritoneal cavity

Answer 7

Potential space containing a bit of serous fluid

Question 8

Mesentery

Answer 8

A connective tissue sheet that suspends stomach and intestines from abdominal wall

Question 9

Posterior Mesentery

Answer 9

Two layers of the mesentery separate, pass around opposite sides of the organ, come together on the far side, and continue as another sheet of tissue.

Question 10

Anterior Mesentery

Answer 10

Hanging freely or attached to the abdomen or other organs.

Question 11

List the four major processes that occur during digestion.

Answer 11

1. Ingestion: in the mouth
2. Propulsion: movement of food
3. Mechanichal breakdown: prepares food for chemical digestion
4. Chemical digestion: complex molecules broken down to chemical components

Question 12

Describe mucosa

Answer 12

• Stratified squamous epithelium (mouth, esophagus, and anus)
• Lamina propria: thin layer of loose connective tissue
• Muscularis mucosae: thin layer of smooth muscle

Question 13

Describe submucosa and list its functions and adaptations

Answer 13

• Loose connective tissue containing blood vessels, glands, and lymphatic tissue
• Meissner’s plexus: parasympathetic innervation

Question 14

Describe muscularis and list its functions and adaptations

Answer 14

• Skeletal muscle in mouth, pharynx, upper esophagus and anus.
• Smooth muscle: mixes, crushes, & propels food along by peristalsis

Question 15

Describe serosa membrane and list its functions and adaptations

Answer 15

• Covers all organs and walls of cavities that are not open to the outside of the body.

Question 16

Four main regions of the stomach

Answer 16

Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pylorus

Question 16

Gastric glands have 3 specialized cells

Answer 16

• Mucous neck cells, parietal cells, and chief cells.

Question 17

3 Regions of the small intestine

Answer 17

duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

Question 18

Size of small intestine

Answer 18

Longest portion of the alimentary canal

Question 19

What does microscopic anatomy reveal about the small intestine

Answer 19

Typical wall structure and modifications for nutrient absorption

Question 20

What do small intestine cells secrete?

Answer 20

Digestive enzymes and the hormones: CCK, secretin and GIP

Question 21

What do pancreatic acinar cells produce?

Answer 21

Most of the enzymes that digest food in the small intestine.

Question 22

Size of the liver

Answer 22

Largest gland in the body

Question 23

What is the liver’s digestive function?

Answer 23

Produce bile

Question 24

What is the function of the gallbladder?

Answer 24

Store and concentrate bile produced by the liver

Question 25

What are the two sources that the liver receives blood from?

Answer 25

The hepatic artery (O2) and hepatic portal vein with all the material absorbed from the digestive system.

Question 26

What do hepatocytes do?

Answer 26

Detoxify and store glucose