Cardiovascular: Blood

Question 1

What are the basic components of blood?

Answer 1

• Erythrocytes
• Leukocytes
• Platelets
• 90% water
• Ions
• Proteins

Question 2

Basic components of blood

What are erthyrocytes?

Answer 2

Red Blood Cells

Question 3

Basic components of blood

What are leukocytes?

Answer 3

White Blood Cells

Question 4

Basic Components of Blood

What do leukocytes contain?

Answer 4

Granuloctyes & Agranulocytes

Question 5

Basic Components of Blood

Describe platelets

Answer 5

• Stain deep purple
• Seal small tears in blood vessels
• Instrumental in blood clotting

Question 6

Basic Components of Blood

What percent of blood is water?

Answer 6

90%

Question 7

Basic Components of Blood

What ions does blood have?

Answer 7

• Nutrients: Sodium (Na+) & Chloride (Cl-)
• Wastes

Question 8

Basic Components of Blood

What are the three main proteins?

Answer 8

• Albumin
• Globulins
• Fibrinogen

Question 9

Blood

What are the special structural features of erythrocytes?

Answer 9

• Anucleated (no nucleus)
• microscopic
• biconcave
• disk-shaped cells

Question 10

Blood

What are the functions of erythrocytes?

Answer 10

Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body

Question 11

Describe the homeostatic mechanism to maintain blood oxygen capacity

Peripheral chemoreceptors

Answer 11

These receptors detect changes in oxygen and carbon dioxide levels and send signals to the brain.

Question 12

Describe the homeostatic mechanism to maintain blood oxygen capacity

Hypoxia-inducible factors

Answer 12

These transcriptional activators regulate the expression of genes to match oxygen supply and demand.

Question 13

Describe the homeostatic mechanism to maintain blood oxygen capacity

Red blood cell production

Answer 13

Prolonged hypoxia can cause the body to produce more red blood cells, which can improve the body’s ability to carry oxygen.

Question 14

Describe the homeostatic mechanism to maintain blood oxygen capacity

Angiogenesis

Answer 14

This process can help transport oxygenated blood to tissues.

Question 15

Describe the homeostatic mechanism to maintain blood oxygen capacity

Metabolic reprogramming

Answer 15

This process can help the body utilize oxygen when oxygen is scarce.

Question 16

Describe the homeostatic mechanism to maintain blood oxygen capacity

Concentration gradient

Answer 16

The body maintains a concentration gradient of oxygen pressure between blood vessels and surrounding tissues. This gradient is affected by many factors.

Question 17

Describe the homeostatic mechanism to maintain blood oxygen capacity

Cell membrane composition

Answer 17

The liquid composition of cell membranes can affect how well oxygen enters the cell.

Example: high cholesterol concentrations in RBC membranes can decrease oxygen transport.

Question 18

Leukocytes (WBC)

What are the five classes of these cells?

Answer 18

• Neutrophils
• Lymphocytes
• Eosinophils
• Basophils
• Monocytes

Question 19

Explain the mechanism of diapedesis

Answer 19

• A process that allows WBCs to move from blood vessels to tissue.
• Can be triggered by inflammation, infection, or tissue damage.

Question 20

What is the importance of diapedesis?

Answer 20

Vital step in leukocyte (WBC) tissue infiltration and is essential for maintaining homeostasis and fighting foreing pathogens.

Question 21

Describe hemostasis

Answer 21

A biological process that stops bleeding from damaged blood vessels, keeping blood contained within the vessel and allowing the body to begin healing.

First stage of wound healing and essential for survival in severe injuries.