Cardiovascular: Blood Flashcards
What are the basic components of blood?
- Erythrocytes
- Leukocytes
- Platelets
- 90% water
- Ions
- Proteins
Basic components of blood
What are erthyrocytes?
Red Blood Cells
Basic components of blood
What are leukocytes?
White Blood Cells
Basic Components of Blood
What do leukocytes contain?
Granuloctyes & Agranulocytes
Basic Components of Blood
Describe platelets
- Stain deep purple
- Seal small tears in blood vessels
- Instrumental in blood clotting
Basic Components of Blood
What percent of blood is water?
90%
Basic Components of Blood
What ions does blood have?
- Nutrients: Sodium (Na+) & Chloride (Cl-)
- Wastes
Basic Components of Blood
What are the three main proteins?
- Albumin
- Globulins
- Fibrinogen
Blood
What are the special structural features of erythrocytes?
- Anucleated (no nucleus)
- microscopic
- biconcave
- disk-shaped cells
Blood
What are the functions of erythrocytes?
Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body
Describe the homeostatic mechanism to maintain blood oxygen capacity
Peripheral chemoreceptors
These receptors detect changes in oxygen and carbon dioxide levels and send signals to the brain.
Describe the homeostatic mechanism to maintain blood oxygen capacity
Hypoxia-inducible factors
These transcriptional activators regulate the expression of genes to match oxygen supply and demand.
Describe the homeostatic mechanism to maintain blood oxygen capacity
Red blood cell production
Prolonged hypoxia can cause the body to produce more red blood cells, which can improve the body’s ability to carry oxygen.
Describe the homeostatic mechanism to maintain blood oxygen capacity
Angiogenesis
This process can help transport oxygenated blood to tissues.
Describe the homeostatic mechanism to maintain blood oxygen capacity
Metabolic reprogramming
This process can help the body utilize oxygen when oxygen is scarce.
Describe the homeostatic mechanism to maintain blood oxygen capacity
Concentration gradient
The body maintains a concentration gradient of oxygen pressure between blood vessels and surrounding tissues. This gradient is affected by many factors.
Describe the homeostatic mechanism to maintain blood oxygen capacity
Cell membrane composition
The liquid composition of cell membranes can affect how well oxygen enters the cell.
Example: high cholesterol concentrations in RBC membranes can decrease oxygen transport.
Leukocytes (WBC)
What are the five classes of these cells?
- Neutrophils
- Lymphocytes
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
- Monocytes
Explain the mechanism of diapedesis
- A process that allows WBCs to move from blood vessels to tissue.
- Can be triggered by inflammation, infection, or tissue damage.
What is the importance of diapedesis?
Vital step in leukocyte (WBC) tissue infiltration and is essential for maintaining homeostasis and fighting foreing pathogens.
Describe hemostasis
A biological process that stops bleeding from damaged blood vessels, keeping blood contained within the vessel and allowing the body to begin healing.
First stage of wound healing and essential for survival in severe injuries.