Digestive System

Question 1

What is digestion

Answer 1

Process where carbs proteins and fat molecules are broken down into small enough products to be absorbed into blood & cells

Question 2

Mechanical digestion

Answer 2

Broken into smaller pieces - increase SA and make chemical digestion more effective

Question 3

Chemical digestion

Answer 3

Uses enzymes to break down complex molecules into simpler ones

Question 4

The alimentary canal

Answer 4

Tube that runs from mouth to anus where nutrients are absorbed

Question 5

What occurs in the mouth?

Answer 5

Ingestion (intake of food), salivary glands produce salivary amylase - break down carbs , tongue rolls food into bolus

Question 6

The oesophagus

Answer 6

Double layer of circular muscle and longitudinal, 25m long, connects pharynx to stomach

Question 7

Peristalsis

Answer 7

Wave of construction behind and in front of the bolus to push food down

Question 8

The stomach

Answer 8

Mechanical digestion (constriction of stomach walls, churning - oblique circular and longitudinal muscles), chemical digestion (enzymes in gastric juice), Pepsinogen converted to pepsin which breaks down proteins, living called mucosa secretes gastric juices

Question 9

Pyloric sphincter

Answer 9

Base of the stomach, stops stomach contents from entering digestive track

Question 10

Small intestine function and structure

Answer 10

Nutrients absorbed, large surface area - (extremely long, folds, villi & microvilli))

Question 11

Villi

Answer 11

Contain lymph capillaries (lacteals) surrounded by blood capillaries

Question 12

Bile

Answer 12

Helps in mechanical digestion, bile salts break into tiny droplets, makes easier for lipase to chemically break down fats, produced in liver stored in gall bladder

Question 13

Large intestine function

Answer 13

secretes mucus, contain bacteria to break down compounds, absorbs water