Digestive System

Question 1

what breaks down carbohydrates

Answer 1

carbohydrases

Question 2

what are carbohydrates broken down into

Answer 2

simple sugars

Question 3

what breaks down starch

Answer 3

amylase (a type of carbohydrase)

Question 4

what is starch broken down into

Answer 4

glucose

Question 5

what breaks down proteins

Answer 5

proteases

Question 6

what is protein broken down into

Answer 6

amino acids

Question 7

what breaks down lipids

Answer 7

lipases

Question 8

what are lipids broken down into

Answer 8

fatty acids + glycerol

Question 9

what 3 places is amylase secreted

Answer 9

• mouth - salivary amylase - saliva from salivary glands - breaks down starch into maltose
• duodenum - pancreatic amylase from pancreas - breaks down starch into maltose
• ileum - amylase - from ileum wall - breaks down maltose into glucose

Question 10

what 3 places are proteases secreted

Answer 10

• stomach - pepsin from gastric glands - begins breakdown of proteins into amino acids
• duodenum - trypsin from pancreas - continues breakdown of proteins into amino acids
• ileum - peptidase from ileum wall - breaks peptides into amino acids

Question 11

where are lipases secreted

Answer 11

duodenum - lipase from pancreas breaks lipids down into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 12

what is the function of bile and where is it stored and produced

Answer 12

• emulsifies lipids for larger sa
• contains sodium hydrogencarbonate (alkali) - neutralises stomach acid & produces optimum pH for pancreatic enzymes
• produced in liver
• stored & concentrated in gall bladder

Question 13

what tests for sugars

Answer 13

benedicts - pale blue to brick red precipitate

Question 14

what tests for starch

Answer 14

iodine - orange to blue-black

Question 15

what tests for proteins

Answer 15

biuret - blue to lilac

Question 16

what tests for lipids

Answer 16

ethanol - clear to cloudy emulsion

Question 17

function of mouth in digestive system

Answer 17

Begins chemical digestion of carbohydrates and mechanical digestion

Question 18

function of stomach in digestive system

Answer 18

Begins digestion of protein; small molecules (eg alcohol) absorbed and mechanical digestion

Question 19

function of duodenum in digestive system

Answer 19

Continues digestion of carbohydrates and protein; begins digestion of lipids

Question 20

function of ileum in digestive system

Answer 20

completes digestion of carbohydrates & proteins into single sugars & amino acids; absorption of single sugars, amino acids & fatty acids + glycerol

Question 21

function of large intestine in digestive system

Answer 21

Absorption of water; egestion of undigested food