Digestive System Flashcards
human digestive system consists of the _______________ and _____________
alimentary canal
associated glands
alimentary canal begins with anterior opening _______ and opens out to the posterior opening __________
mouth
anus
mouth leads to which cavity
oral or buccal
oral cavity has
a number of teeth and a muscular tongue
each tooth is embedded in a socket of jaw bone, this type of attachment is called
thecodont
two sets of teeth in lifetime, this type of dentition is called
diphyodont
having different types of teeth, this type of dentition is called
heterodont
number of teeth in adult human
32
types of teeth in adult human
incisors
canine
premolars
molars
dental formula of human
2123/2123
the hard chewing surface of the teeth, made up of _______, helps in the mastication of food
enamel
tongue is a freely movable muscular organ attached to the floor of the oral cavity by the
frenulum
upper surface of the tongue has small projections called __________, some of which bear taste buds
papillae
oral cavity leads into a short ________ which serves as a common passage for food and air
pharynx
the _________ and the __________ open up into the pharynx
oesophagus
trachea (wind pipe)
a cartilaginous flap called _______ prevents entry of food in the ________ (opening of wind pipe) during swallowing
epiglottis
glottis
the oesophagus passing through the _______, _______ and _______ leads to the J-shaped bag like structure called ______
neck
thorax
diaphragm
stomach
which sphincter regulates the opening of oesophagus into the stomach
gastro-oesophageal
where is stomach located in the abdominal cavity
upper left portion
three major parts of stomach
fundic region
cardiac portion
pyloric portion
into which part of stomach does oesophagus open
cardiac region
which part of stomach opens into the first small part of small intestine
pyloric portion
small intestine is distinguishable into which three regions
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
opening of stomach into the duodenum is guarded by which sphincter
pyloric
which part of small intestine opens up into the large intestine
ileum
large intestine is divided into which three parts
caecum
colon
rectum
_______ is a small blind sac which contains symbiotic micro-organisms
caecum
a narrow finger-like tubular projection, the vermiform ___________, which is a vestigial organ arises from the ________
appendix
caecum
the colon of large intestine is divided into three parts
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
descending colon opens up into rectum which opens up into the ________
anus
four layers of alimentary canal from outward to inward
serosa
muscularis
sub-mucosa
mucosa
serosa is the outermost layer of alimentary canal and is made up of _________ and some ____________
mesothelium
connective tissue
what is mesothelium
epithelium of visceral organs
muscularis is formed by _____________ usually arranged in outer __________ and inner __________ layer
an _______ layer may be present in some regions
smooth muscles
longitudinal
circular
oblique
sub-mucosa is formed of ________________________ containing ___________________
loose connective tissue
nerves, blood and lymph vessels
in duodenum, ________ are also present in sub-mucosa
glands
mucosa formes irregular folds called ________ in the ________ and small finger-like foldings called ________ in the ___________
rugae
stomach
villi
small intestine
cells lining the villi produce numerous projections called _________ giving a brush border appearance
these modifications increase __________ enormously
microvilli
surface area
villi are supplied with a network of ___________ and a large lymph vessel called _______
capillaries
lacteal
mucosa has _______ cells which secrete mucus that helps in ____________
goblet
lubrication
mucosa also forms glands in the stomach called _____________ and crypts in between the bases of villi in the intestine called ________________
gastric glands
crypts of lieberkuhn
