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Digestion And Absorption > Digestion Of Food > Flashcards

Digestion Of Food Flashcards

1
Q

two major functions of buccal cavity

A

mastication of food
facilitation of swallowing

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2
Q

_____ in saliva helps in lubricating and adhering the masticated food particles into a _______

A

mucus
bolus

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3
Q

bolus is conveyed into the ________ and then oesophagus by swallowing or __________

A

pharynx
deglutition

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4
Q

bolus passes down the oesophagus by successive waves of muscular contractions called

A

peristalsis

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5
Q

which sphincter controls the passage of food into the stomach

A

gastro-oesophageal

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6
Q

what does saliva contain

A

electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3-)
enzymes (salivary amylase, lysozyme)

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7
Q

which is the carbohydrate splitting enzyme

A

salivary amylase

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8
Q

where does the chemical process of digestion begin

A

in oral cavity with the hydrolytic action of salivary amylase

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9
Q

about ______ percent of starch is hydrolysed in the oral cavity by salivary amylase with optimum pH ___ into a disaccharide _________

A

30
6.8
maltose

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10
Q

function of lysozyme

A

acts as an antibacterial agent that prevents infections

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11
Q

mucosa of stomach has _______ glands

A

gastric

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12
Q

three major types of cells of gastric glands

A

mucus neck cells
peptic/chief cells
parietal/oxyntic cells

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13
Q

what do mucus neck cells secrete

A

mucus

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14
Q

what do peptic or chief cells secrete

A

proenzyme pepsinogen

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15
Q

parietal or oxyntic cells secrete what

A

HCl and intrinsic factor (factor essential for absorption of vitamin B12)

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16
Q

how long does the stomach store food

A

4 to 5 hours

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17
Q

food after being churned in the stomach is called

A

chyme

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18
Q

which is the proteolytic enzyme of the stomach

A

pepsin

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19
Q

the proenzyme pepsinogen, on exposure to _______ gets coverted to active enzyme called _______

A

HCl
pepsin

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20
Q

pepsin converts proteins into _______ and ________

A

proteoses
peptones (peptides)

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21
Q

the _______ and ___________ in gastric juice play an important role in the lubrication and protection of the mucosal epithelium from excoriation by __________

A

mucus
bicarbonates
highly concentrated HCl

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22
Q

HCl provides the acidic pH of ______ which is optimal for pepsin

A

1.8

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23
Q

__________ is a proteolytic enzyme found in gastric juice of infants which helps in the digestion of milk proteins

A

rennin

24
Q

which other enzyme is secreted for lipids in small amounts by gastric glands

A

lipases

25
Q

which secretions are released into the small intestine

A

bile
pancreatic juice
intestinal juice

26
Q

pancreatic juice and bile are released through which duct

A

hepato-pancreatic

27
Q

which inactive enzymes does the pancreatic juice contain

A

trypsinogen
chymotrypsinogen
procarboxypeptidases
amylases
lipases
nucleases

28
Q

trypsinogen is activated by which enzyme

A

enterokinase

29
Q

enterokinase is secreted by

A

intestinal mucosa

30
Q

active form of trypsinogen is called

A

trypsin

31
Q

other enzymes in the pancreatic juice are activated by which enzyme

A

trypsin

32
Q

what does bile contain

A

bile pigments (bilirubin and biliverdin)
bile salts
cholesterol
phospholipids

33
Q

does bile contain enzymes

A

no

34
Q

what does bile do

A

helps in emulsification of fats
activates lipases

35
Q

during emulsification of fats, they are broken down into very small _______

A

micelles

36
Q

intestinal mucosal epithelium has ______ cells which secrete mucus

A

goblet

37
Q

intestinal juice is also called

A

succus entericus

38
Q

which secretions constitute intestinal juice

A

secretions of brush border cells of mucosa
secretions of goblet cells

39
Q

enzymes present in succus entericus

A

disaccharidases (eg. maltases)
dipeptidases
lipases
nucleosidases

40
Q

________ along with _________ from the pancreatic juice protect the intestinal mucosa from acid as well as provide an alkaline medium of pH ___ for enzymatic activities
_________ also help in this

A

mucus
bicarbonates
7.8
sub-mucosal glands

41
Q

sub-mucosal glands are called

A

brunner’s glands

42
Q

proteins, peptones, proteoses are acted upon by which enzymes to form what

A

trypsin/chymotrypsin
carboxypeptidase

dipeptides

43
Q

polysaccharides/carbohydrates/starch are hydrolysed by which enzyme to form what

A

pancreatic amylase

disaccharides

44
Q

fats are broken down by _________ with the help of ____________ into ____________________ and ______________

A

lipases
bile
diglycerides
monoglycerides

45
Q

_________ in the pancreatic juice acts on nucleic acids to form ___________ and _____

A

nucleases
nucleotides
nucleosides

46
Q

dipeptides are broken down into which substances using which enzyme

A

amino acids
dipeptidases

47
Q

maltose is broken down into which substances using which enzyme

A

glucose and glucose
maltase

48
Q

lactose is broken down into which substances using which enzyme

A

glucose and galactose
lactase

49
Q

sucrose is broken down into which substances using which enzyme

A

glucose and fructose
sucrase

50
Q

nucleotides are converted to nucleosides using which enzyme
nucleosides are broken down into which substances using which enzyme

A

nucleotidases
sugars and bases
nucleosidases

51
Q

diglycerides and monoglycerides and broken down into which substances using which enzyme

A

fatty acids and glycerol
lipases

52
Q

breakdown of macromolecules occurs where

A

duodenum

53
Q

after breakdown in duodenum, where are the simple substances absorbed

A

jejunum and ileum

54
Q

functions of the large intestine

A

absorption of some water, minerals and certain drugs
secretion of mucus which helps in adhering the waste particles together and lubricating it for an easy passage

55
Q

what are the undigested and unabsorbed substances called

A

faeces

56
Q

faeces enters into caecum of large intestine through _____________, which prevents the back flow of matter

A

ileo-caecal valve

57
Q

removal of faeces from body is known as

A

defaecation

Digestion And Absorption (6 decks)

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