Digestive System

Question 1

Absorption

Answer 1

Process which digested nutrients pass through the wall of the small intestine into the bloodstream

Question 2

Active transport

Answer 2

Process which materials using energy supply the cell, are moved across a membrane. Also called passive transport

Question 3

Amino acids

Answer 3

Building blocks of proteins

Question 4

Amylase

Answer 4

A digestive enzyme that breaks down starch

Question 5

ATP

Answer 5

An organic chemical in which energy is stored and from which energy is released to meet the body’s needs.

Question 6

Benedict’s solution

Answer 6

Chemical indicator when added turns blue to light green to red in the pretense of increasing concentrations of sugar

Question 7

Calorie

Answer 7

A unit of heat energy. c means amount of energy required to raise the temperature 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius. C means amount of water of 1000 for 1 degree Celsius

Question 8

Carbohydrate

Answer 8

One of the basic food types, may be in starch sugar or fiber. Found in cereals breads, or veggies

Question 9

Chyme

Answer 9

A pulpy mixture of food and gastric juices. Produced in the stomach, from which it passes into the small intestine.

Question 10

Diffusion

Answer 10

Process by which molecules move from places where they are more concentrated to places where they are less concentrated. Form of passive transport

Question 11

Duodenum

Answer 11

First 25 centimeters of small intestine. WHERE MOST CHEMICAL DIGESTION OCCURS

Question 12

Energy

Answer 12

Ability to perform work

Question 13

Enzyme

Answer 13

A protein capable of speeding up chemical reaction.

Question 14

Fats

Answer 14

One of three basic food types. Found in oil and daily products. Tissue that provides a cushion for various body parts, insulates body, and stores energy into a concentrated form.

Question 15

Feces

Answer 15

Solid wastes in the large intestine that are expelled from the body during bowel movements

Question 16

Fiber

Answer 16

An indigestible carb such as cellulose that stimulates peristalsis in the intestine.

Question 17

Gastric juice

Answer 17

A liquid that includes hydrochloric acid and pepsin and that is responsible for the chemical digestion of protein in stomach.

Question 18

Hydrochloride acid (HCI)

Answer 18

A component of gastric juice that helps create environment that pepsin needs to break down protein in the stomach.

Question 19

Indicator

Answer 19

Substance that changes in some way to indicate the presence of another substance. Examples include Benedict’s solution and Lugo solution.

Question 20

Lugol solution

Answer 20

A yellow-brown indicator that turns blue-black when it comes into contact with starch.

Question 21

Mucus

Answer 21

A thick, sticky substance that lines and protects the inner walls of the digestive organs. Facilitates the passage of food through the digestive tract and helps protect the walls of the digestive tract from being digested.

Question 22

Pepsin

Answer 22

An enzyme in the stomach that breaks down protein.

Question 23

Peristalsis

Answer 23

Regular muscular contractions that moved food through the digestive tract.

Question 24

Proteins

Answer 24

One of the three basic food types; needed for building for building tissue in body.

Question 25

Saliva

Answer 25

Watery substance secreted by three pairs of glands around the mouth. Helps moisten and soften food for swallowing. Contains amylase that begins the digestion of starch.

Question 26

Sphincter

Answer 26

Ring of muscle that aids in the one way passage of food through the digestive tract.

Question 27

Villi

Answer 27

Microscopic projections that line the inner wall of the small intestine and increase surface are available for absorption of nutrients.

Question 28

Nutrient

Answer 28

Chemical compound. Contains fats, carbs, vitamin. Is in foods

Question 29

Accessory organs

Answer 29

Food does not go through them but they are needed for digestion. Pancreas, gall bladder, liver

Question 30

Bolus

Answer 30

Ball of food that goes down the esophagus

Question 31

Glucose

Answer 31

Simple sugar, important energy source.

Question 32

Vitamins

Answer 32

Help body grow and work the way it should. 13 types.

Question 33

Cellular respiration

Answer 33

Process by which glucose combines with oxygen to produce energy, carbon dioxine, and water.