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anatomy > digestive system > Flashcards

digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

digestive system

A

converts food to raw materials that build and fuel body’s cells

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2
Q

Alimentary canal/GI tract

A

continuous muscular digestive tube that winds through the ventral body- open both ends

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3
Q

alimentary canal function

A

digests, absorbs,

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4
Q

alimentary canal structures/organs

A

oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, rectum, anus

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5
Q

Accessory digestive structures (function)

A

Produce secretions that contribute to the breakdown of food

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6
Q

Accessory digestive structures/organs

A

teeth, tongue, gallbladder, salivary glands, liver and pancreas

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7
Q

ingestion

A

taking foods/liquids in via the mouth

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8
Q

propulsion

A

moves food through the alimentary canal

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9
Q

deglution/swallowing

A

voluntary act of moving food into alimentary canal

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10
Q

buccal phase

A

compress bolus against hard palate, retracts tongue forcing bolus into oropharynx. (voluntary)

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11
Q

pharyngeal phase

A

tactile receptors on the uvula are stimulated, medulla oblongata directs muscle contraction in pharyngeal muscles

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12
Q

esophageal phase

A

a bolus is pushed toward the stomach by peristaltic waves, approach of bolus triggers opening of esophageal sphincter

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13
Q

oral cavity

A

start of alimentary canal

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14
Q

physical digestion

A

mastication, chewing

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15
Q

chemical digestion

A

break down to simpler compounds

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16
Q

salivary gland

A

secretes saliva to aid in chemical digestion

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17
Q

pharynx

A

3 parts, nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx

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18
Q

esophagus

A

smooth muscle in throat, swallowing is digestion

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19
Q

stomach

A

amylase (converts starch and glucose), bile (secreted by liver, stored in gallbladder),

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20
Q

pancreatic lipase

A

usually secreted by the pancreas and transferred to the duodenum to participate in the hydrolysis and digestion of fat, cholesterol esters, and fat-soluble vitamins

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21
Q

pepsin

A

a stomach enzyme that serves to digest proteins found in ingested food.

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22
Q

small intestine

A

villi lines to absorb nutrients, duodenum, jejunum, ileum

23
Q

duodenum

A

primary digestive site

24
Q

mesentary

A

connective tissue

25
Q

large intestine/colon

A

muscular, hostra, mostly compacts, absorbs water, salt changes chyme to feces

26
Q

cecum

A

iliocecal valve connects, pouch, regulates flow

27
Q

appendix

A

component of lymphatic, gets blocked

28
Q

ascending colon

A

dehydrates feces, where E-coli is

29
Q

liver

A

regenerative, not actually in alimentary canal

30
Q

digestion (sigmentation)

A

rythmic local contraction, churning

31
Q

peritenium

A

membrane that holds together, visceral on top, parietal lines walls, mesentary routes for nerves

32
Q

Alimentary tube layers (superficial to deep)

A

adventitia, muscularis propria, submucosa, mucosa

33
Q

GI tract (in order)

A

OLESP DJ ICAT DSRA
Mouth- oropharynx, laryngopharynx, esophagus, stomach, pyloric sphincter, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anus

34
Q

amylase

A

in saliva, works in mout, starch

35
Q

bile

A

in liver, works in duodenum, fats

36
Q

pancreatic lipase

A

duodenum, produced in pancreas/liver

37
Q

pepsin

A

secreted by gastric glands, digests protein

38
Q

bolus

A

saliva moistens and breaks down food, chewed up food

39
Q

chyme

A

left stomach, chemical break down, paste

40
Q

feces

A

anal canal, defacation, dehydrated

41
Q

draw digestive system (liver, pancreas, gallbladder, common hepatic duct, cystic duct, pancreatic duct, common bile duct)

A
42
Q

peristalsis

A

act of squeezing food- move through organs

43
Q

liver (functions)

A

metabolic, regulatory, regenerates, 2 months, removes toxins, clotting factors, nutrients, cholesterol

44
Q

hepatitis (how, what, spread)

A

inflammation of the liver, alcohol, toxins, sexual contact, caring for ill

45
Q

villi- where +what

A

in ileum, finger projects, transport nutrients

46
Q

functions of digestive system

A

converts food to build cells, nutrients and rid body of remains

47
Q

peritoneum –> food?

A

membrane lining interior of abdominal cavity, surface of organs

48
Q

mastication

A

Chewing

49
Q

can you drink water on your head

A

yes, contractions are forceful

50
Q

3 parts of small intestine

A

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

51
Q

villus - function +place

A

in intestine, finger like structure–> increase surface area

52
Q

carbohydrate digestion site (enzyme)

A

small intestine, amylase

53
Q

protein digestion site

A

amylase and lipase, small intestine

54
Q

lipid digestion site

A

small intestine

anatomy (4 decks)

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