Digestive System

Question 1

Functions of Digestive System

Answer 1

Mechanical and chemical breakdown of food and the absorption of nutrients
Excretion of waste

Question 2

Two types of bowel movements

Answer 2

Mixing Movements:
mix food with digestive juices

Propelling Movements:
called peristalsis; pushes food down the tube

Question 3

Mouth

Answer 3

begins digestion by chewing and mixing with saliva

Question 4

Tongue

Answer 4

moves food, connects to floor of mouth via frenulum

Question 5

Amylase

Answer 5

enzyme breaks down starch into sugars

Question 6

Esophagus

Answer 6

The muscular tube that carries food and liquids from your mouth to the stomach.

Question 7

Four regions of the stomach

Answer 7

the cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus.

Question 8

Pyloric Canal

Answer 8

The narrower end is called the pyloric canal, which connects to the duodenum.

Question 9

Pyloric sphincter

Answer 9

The smooth muscle pyloric sphincter is located at this latter point of connection and controls stomach emptying.

Question 10

Stomach lining

Answer 10

Mucus prevents stomach from digesting itself, small openings called gastric pits contain glands

Question 11

Pepsi

Answer 11

most important digestive enzyme for breaking down food

Question 12

Mechanical Digestion

Answer 12

Food being broken down in smaller pieces (ex: chewing and churning of the stomach)

Question 13

Chemical Digestion

Answer 13

Substances in our digestive organs are released that change food particles into particles that are chemically different (ex: acids and bases)

Question 14

Small Intestine

Answer 14

which is the primary digestive organ in the body. Not only is this where most digestion occurs, it is also where practically all absorption occurs.

Question 15

Duodenum

Answer 15

which begins at the pyloric sphincter. Just past the pyloric sphincter, it bends posteriorly behind the peritoneum, becoming retroperitoneal, and then makes a C-shaped curve around the head of the pancreas before ascending anteriorly again to return to the peritoneal cavity and join the jejunum.

Question 16

Jejunum

Answer 16

is about 0.9 meters (3 feet) long (in life) and runs from the duodenum to the ileum. Jejunum means “empty” in Latin and supposedly was so named by the ancient Greeks who noticed it was always empty at death. No clear line exists between the jejunum and the final segment of the small intestine, the ileum.

Question 17

Ileum

Answer 17

is the longest part of the small intestine, measuring about 1.8 meters (6 feet) in length. It is thicker, more vascular, and has more developed mucosal folds than the jejunum. The jejunum and ileum are tethered to the posterior abdominal wall by the mesentery. The large intestine frames these three parts of the small intestine.

Question 18

Large Intestine

Answer 18

The large intestine is subdivided into four main regions: the cecum, the colon, the rectum, and the anus. The ileocecal valve, located at the opening between the ileum and the large intestine, controls the flow of chyme from the small intestine to the large intestine.

Question 19

Cecum

Answer 19

start of large intestine, has an attached appendix

Question 20

Colon

Answer 20

4 sections 
Ascending
	Transverse
	Descending
	Sigmoid

Question 21

Rectum

Answer 21

stores waste before it is expelled from the body

Question 22

Anus

Answer 22

muscular sphincter which controls the exit of waste

Question 23

Function of Large Intestine

Answer 23

Secretes mucus, reabsorbs water, contains bacteria to aid in digestion 
Mass Movements (defecation) - removes undigested food

The main job is: Water Reabsorption

Question 24

Bristol Stool Chart

Answer 24

Diagnostic medical tool designed to classify the form of human feces into seven categories.

Question 25

Liver

Answer 25

is the largest gland in the body, weighing about three pounds in an adult. It is also one of the most important organs. In addition to being an accessory digestive organ, it plays a number of roles in metabolism and regulation. The liver lies inferior to the diaphragm in the right upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity and receives protection from the surrounding ribs.

Question 26

Gallbladder

Answer 26

stores and concentrates bile, releasing it when it is needed by the small intestine.

Question 27

Pancreas

Answer 27

is responsible for secretion of digestive enzymes and bicarbonate

Question 28

Chyme

Answer 28

is the semi-fluid mass of partly digested food that is expelled by a person’s stomach, through the pyloric valve, into the duodenum.