Digestive system

Question 1

Levels of organization in complex organisms

Answer 1

Tissues
Organs
Organ systems
Organisms

Question 2

Examples of organs

Answer 2

• Liver
• Kidney
• Heart
• Brain
• Skin

Question 3

Digestive system

Answer 3

The digestive system breaks down food into its simplest molecules to be absorbed by the cell membrane into the cells.

Question 4

Digestion

Answer 4

Digestion is the process by which food is broken down into a simpler form to be absorbed into the blood for the transfer to the cells.

Question 5

Stages of digestion

Answer 5

1. Ingestion
2. Digestion
3. Absorption
4. Elimination

Question 6

Physical digestion

Answer 6

Physical digestion is when food is physically mashed and chewed into smaller pieces

Question 7

Chemical digestion

Answer 7

Chemical digestion is when enzymes break down the food into a simpler form, a new substance is produced.

Question 7

Enzyme

Answer 7

An enzyme is a protein that acts as a biological catalyst.

Question 8

What are the 3 enzymes?

Answer 8

Amylase Protease Lipase

Question 9

Amylase

Answer 9

Amylase breaks down carbohydrates into sugars like glucose

Question 10

Protease

Answer 10

Protease breaks down protein into amino acids

Question 11

Lipase

Answer 11

Lipase breaks down fat into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 12

Mouth

Answer 12

where physical digestion occurs as the teeth mash the food and where chemical digestion occurs as amylase is released to break down carbohydrates into sugars like glucose.

Question 13

Oesophagus

Answer 13

Oesophagus is the pathway that the bolus travels through to reach the stomach through peristalsis

Question 14

Epiglottis

Answer 14

Epiglottis stops food from entering the trachea

Question 15

Stomach

Answer 15

The stomach mixes the bolus with hydrochloric acid to produce chyme and where protease breaks down protein into amino acids

Question 16

Liver

Answer 16

Produces bile

Question 17

Gallbladder

Answer 17

Temporarily stores bile until food reaches the small intestine

Question 18

Rectum

Answer 18

Rectum temporarily stores the waste

Question 19

Anus

Answer 19

Releases the waste

Question 20

Small intestine

Answer 20

Where most of the nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream through villi

Question 21

Large intestine

Answer 21

The large intestine absorbs water and some vitamins and whatever was not absorbed in the small intestine

Question 22

Pancreas

Answer 22

Produces pancreatic juice

Question 23

Bile

Answer 23

Bile is a mix of chemicals formed in the liver which neutralises stomach acid and breaks down lipids into fat droplets and smaller molecules.

Question 24

Peristalsis

Answer 24

Peristalsis is the waves of muscle contractions that push food into the stomach which occurs in the esophagus

Question 25

Digestive conditions

Answer 25

Stomach ulcers, constipation, gluten intolerance, gallstones etc..

Question 26

Villi

Answer 26

Small hair-like projections that increased the surface area

Question 27

Salivary gland

Answer 27

The salivary glands are where saliva is produced which has enzymes

Question 28

How long does food stay in the stomach, mouth, small and large intestine

Answer 28

Stomach; 4hours
mouth; 15 seconds
small intestine; 5 hours
large intestine; 36 hours

Question 29

Difference between chemical and physical digestion

Answer 29

In chemical digestion, there is the formation of a new substance

Question 30

Ways surface area is increased

Answer 30

Villi, microvilli, circular folds

Question 31

Why is hydrochloric acid released in the stomach?

Answer 31

• Make the stomach acidic so that protease can break down protein
• Produce chyme
• Remove bacteria from the food

Question 32

What is absorbed in the small intestine

Answer 32

Nutrients such as glucose

Question 33

Pancreatic juice

Answer 33

Breaks down carbs, fat and protein

Question 34

Pathway of food

Answer 34

Food enters the mouth where it is broken down chemically and mechanically. It then is swallowed into the oesophagus as a bolus and travels to the stomach through peristalsis. Once in the stomach, it mixes with digestive juices such as hydrochloric acid and is called chyme. After 8 hours, chyme moves into the small intestine where nutrients are absorbed. It then moves into the large intestine where water is absorbed. Anything remaining moves into the rectum as waste where it is stored before it is released out of the anus.

Question 35

Organ system from most to least complex

Answer 35

Organ system,organ, tissue, cell, organelle