Digestive Sysem

Question 1

gastric juice

Answer 1

breaks apart the cells in food

Question 2

3 types of cells secreted by gastric glands

Answer 2

1. ) mucous cells
2. ) chief cells
3. ) parietal cells

Question 3

mucous cells

Answer 3

secretes mucous to protect stomach and cells from the acids and enzymes released during digestion

Question 4

chief cells

Answer 4

secretes pepsinogen

Question 5

parietal cells

Answer 5

secretes hydrochloric acid

Question 6

pepsinogen

Answer 6

inactive form of pepsin

Question 7

pepsin

Answer 7

enzyme that digests proteins

Question 8

how do HCl and pepsin interact in the stomach?

Answer 8

1. ) pepsinogen and HCl are secreted into the lumen of the stomach
2. ) HCl converts pepsinogen into pepsin
3. ) Pepsin activates more pepsinogen (chain reaction)
4. ) The pepsin begins chemical digestion of proteins

Question 9

lumen

Answer 9

cavity

Question 10

gastrin

Answer 10

stimulates secretion of gastric juice

Question 11

4 steps of food processing

Answer 11

1. ) ingestion
2. ) digestion
3. ) absorption
4. ) elimination

Question 12

4 types of feeders

Answer 12

1. ) suspension feeders
2. ) substrate feeders
3. ) fluid feeders
4. ) bulk eaters

Question 13

Fluid feeders

Answer 13

Take nutrient rich fluid from living host

Example: parasite

Question 14

Suspension feeders

Answer 14

Take water in and filter out organisms to eat

Example: whale, clam

Question 15

Bulk eaters

Answer 15

Eat large meals and processes them over a period of time

Example: Python

Question 16

Alimentary canal

Answer 16

Runs from mouth to anus

Question 17

Digestion

Answer 17

Enzymatic hydrolysis

Enzymes: catalyze/speed up chemical reactions

Hydro: water
Lysis: to break apart

Question 18

Mechanical digestion (in oral cavity)

Answer 18

Teeth grind apart food

Question 19

Chemical digestion (in oral cavity)

Answer 19

Saliva breaks down food in mouth

Question 20

Amylase

Answer 20

Breaks down carbohydrates

Question 21

Mucin

Answer 21

Creates a protective barrier (so epithelial cells are not harmed) and moistens food to make digestion easier

Question 22

Tongue

Answer 22

Tells stomach what to digest

Question 23

Trachea

Answer 23

Leads to respiratory system (lungs)

Question 24

Epiglottis

Answer 24

Covers trachea to prevent food from entering the lungs and pushes food down the esophagus

Question 25

Esophagus

Answer 25

Leads tithe digestive system (stomach)

Question 26

Peristalsis

Answer 26

Contraction of smooth muscles

Question 27

Duodenum

Answer 27

Beginning of the small intestine

Question 28

Pancreas

Answer 28

Releases bicarbonate and proteases

Question 29

What do bicarbonate a released by the pancreas do?

Answer 29

Neutralize chyme

Question 30

What do the proteases released by the proteases do?

Answer 30

Digests proteins

Question 31

Liver

Answer 31

Creates bile

Question 32

Gallbladder

Answer 32

Stores bile

Question 33

What happens when chyme comes on contact with bile?

Answer 33

The bile digest the lipids in the chyme

Question 34

Where do fats enter the body instead of the blood?

Answer 34

Lymphatic system

Question 35

Where and how are nutrients (NOT FAT) transported?

Answer 35

Nutrients is transported from the small intestine into the blood stream by active transport or diffusion

Question 36

Lacteals leads to ______.

Answer 36

Lymph vessels

Question 37

Capillaries lead to ____?

Answer 37

Blood vessels

Question 38

When does osmosis occur in food processing?

Answer 38

Between large Intestine and outer blood vessels to transport water out of the alimentary canal into the blood.

Question 39

Lumen

Answer 39

Inner space

Question 40

Epithelium

Answer 40

Outer space

Question 41

Rectum

Answer 41

Where stool is stored until it can be eliminated

Question 42

Secretin

Answer 42

Stimulates pancreas to release sodium bicarbonate to neutralize the chyme

Question 43

Amino acids (fatty acids)

Answer 43

Trigger the release of CCK to stimulate release of enzymes from pancreas and bile from the gallbladder