Circulatory System/ Gas Exchange Flashcards
Open system
Pushes hemolymph around the body (low pressure because nothing contains the fluid)
Circulatory system
Transports materials throughout the body by vessels controlled by muscles
Closed system
Entire system is connected (high blood pressure because blood is contained in vessels)
3 vessels
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
Single circulation
One loop
Double circulation
Two loops - pumps blood twice (moves faster/more efficiently)
Reptile heart
2 atrium, 1 ventricle (almost divides)
Amphibian heart
2 atrium, 1 ventricle
Mammal/bird heart
2 atrium, 2 ventricle
Right ventricle
Pumps blood to lungs (to pulmonary artery)
Pulmonary artery
Pumps oxygen poor blood to lungs
Pulmonary vein
Pumps oxygen rich blood to heart (left atrium)
Left atrium
Pumps blood to systemic circuit (aorta)
Aorta
Main artery that leaves the heart to the rest if the body
Countercurrent exchange
Exchanges gas in the water (blood flows against water flow)
Process of breathing in animals with lungs
In through mouth or nose
Moistened
Brought through pharynx
Open epiglottis
Past larynx
Into trachea
Into lungs
Splits into two bronchi
Separates into bronchioles
Alveoli
Function of cilia in the lungs
Push mucus, particles, liquid, etc. past epiglottis to be digested or coughed out
Positive pressure breathing
Occurs in amphibians
Sucks air info mouth and forces air into lungs -> lungs expand and contract to force air back out
Negative pressure breathing
Occurs in mammals
Let’s air come into lungs
Inhale: diaphragm contracts and ribs expand to create a vacuum
Exhale: diaphragm relaxes and ribs go back to let air back out
Larynx
Voice box
Produces sounds
Trachea
Windpipe
Where inhaled air passes toward the lungs
