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EMBRYO > Digestive Sys > Flashcards

Digestive Sys Flashcards

1
Q

What is the division of the foregut?

A

oropharyngeal membrane –> caudal maj. duodenal papilla

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2
Q

What is the division of the midgut?

A

duodenum, small intestine, proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

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3
Q

What is the division of the hindgut?

A

distal 1/3 of the transverse colon –> cloacal membrane

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4
Q

Describe the retinoic acid gradient

A

Low in pharynx, High in colon

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5
Q

SHH regulates the expression of ______

A

HOX genes

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6
Q

HOX 9 - 10

A

small intestine

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7
Q

HOX 9 -11

A

cecum

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8
Q

HOX 9 - 12

A

large intestine

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9
Q

Hox 9 -13

A

cloaca

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10
Q

Define mesentery

A

double layer of peritoneum (mesodermal lining), that suspends organs from dorsal or ventral body wall

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11
Q

Organs that are suspended in the peritoneal cavity are called

A

intraperitoneal organs

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12
Q

organs that form between mesentery and posterior body wall are called

A

retroperitoneal or primary retroperitoneal organs

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13
Q

organs the form within mesentery that later fuses with posterior body wall and form fascia are called

A

secondary retroperitoneal organs

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14
Q

Where and when is the respiratory diverticulum formed?

A

ventral wall of foregut in pharyngeal region at week 4

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15
Q

How does the stomach rotate?

A

90 degrees clockwise around the vertical axis

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16
Q

Which side of the stomach does the R. vagus nerve innervate?

A

posterior surface

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17
Q

Which side of the stomach does the L. vagus nerve innervate?

A

anterior surface

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18
Q

When does the stomach dialation of the foregut occur?

A

4th week

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19
Q

Describe the fate of the dorsal and ventral side of the stomach.

A

Dorsal side (greater curvature) ends up on left, ventral side (lesser curvature ends up on right side.

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20
Q

What rotation causes the pylorus to be anterior to the right?

A

45 degree rotation in the coronal plane

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21
Q

When and from what does the spleen form?

A

5th week it forms from the cells between the 2 layers of the dorsalmesogastrium

22
Q

What does the lesser omentum connect?

A

the liver and duodenum to the lesser curvature of the stomach

23
Q

What does the greater omentum cover?

A

transverse colon and small intestine

24
Q

What does the falciform ligament attach and what does it form?

A

it attaches the liver to the anterior body wall, and forms the ventral mesogastrium

25
Q

What is the epiploic foramen of winslow?

A

a passageway that connects lesser sac (omental bursa) w/ greater sac (peritoneal cavity)

26
Q

What is the clinical significance of the pringle maneuver? what does it help assess?

A

It can control bleeding from liver, assesses whether bleeding is from injury to hepatic portal vein and hepatic artery OR hepatic vein and IVC

27
Q

the duodenum forms from what parts of the gut tube?

A

caudal part of the foregut, cranial part of the midgut

28
Q

where does the duodenum receive its blood supply?

A

from both the celiac and superior mesentery artery

29
Q

The duodenum recieves secretions from?

A

liver and pancrease via the common bile duct

30
Q

describe the rotation of the duodenum

A

90 degrees around the longitudinal axis

31
Q

When do the gall bladder and liver form and what is the outgrowth called?

A

week 3 – hepatic diverticulum

32
Q

What are the outgrowths that form the pancreas called?

A

the ventral and dorsal pancreatic buds

33
Q

What does fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) do?

A

it removes the supression of expression of liver-specific genes in the ectoderm, mesoderm, and notochord

34
Q

What does the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) do?

A

enhances the ability of foregut response to FGF2

35
Q

What does PDX do?

A

it is up-regulated when liver is formed

36
Q

What do PAX4 and PAX6 do?

A

specify lineages of endocrine cells of pancreas

37
Q

What is the physiologial umbilical herniation? When does it form?

A

At week 6 the midgut is a single loop that projects into the umbilical cord

38
Q

Describe the rotation of the midgut

A

It rotates 90 degrees counterclockwise around the axis of the superior mesenteric artery

39
Q

When do the intestinal loops return to the abdominal cavity?

A

10th week

40
Q

When does the cecum form?

A

6th week

41
Q

What is volvulus?

A

twisting of intestines that can cause blockage and ischemia of the intestine

42
Q

What is the ligament of Treitz?

A

suspensory ligament of duodenum that connects duodenum to diaphragm

43
Q

Why does the midgut rotate?

A

to span out SMA and avoid stragulation of artery

44
Q

What is indicative of omphalocoele?

A

increased alpha fetoprotein and decrease of AChE in amniotic fluid

45
Q

What is omphalocoele?

A

failure of intestines to return to abdominal cavity after physiological herniation

46
Q

What is gastrochisis?

A

projection of abdominal contents directly into amniotic cavity due to abnormal closure of anterior body wall near connecting stalk–lateral to umbilicus

47
Q

What is the urogenital sinus formed from and what does it become?

A

allantois –> future bladder

48
Q

What does the urorectal septum seperate?

A

urogenital sinus from hind gut

49
Q

How is the anal canal formed?

A

proctoderm merges with the endoderm of hindgut

50
Q

What does the pectinate line divide?

A

it creates a junction between endodermal and ectodermal portions of the anal canal –> different innervation, blood supply, and lymph drainage

51
Q

What causes imperforate anus?

A

the cloacal membrane does not breakdown –>failure of superior (hindgut) and inferior (ectodermal) anal canal

EMBRYO (5 decks)

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