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A & P 2 > digestive & respiratory system > Flashcards

digestive & respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the respiratory system

A

carries out gas exchange

c02 out and o2 in

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2
Q

what organs are included in the respiratory system

A 
nose 
pharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchi
lungs
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3
Q

nasal septum

A

wall dividing nasal cavities @ midline

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4
Q

pharynx

A

throat
common passageway for digestive & respiratory system
connects nasal cavities with larynx

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5
Q

what are the 3 cavities of the respiratory system

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

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6
Q

nasopharynx

A

cavity behind the nose

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7
Q

oropharynx

A

oral cavity

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8
Q

laryngopharynx

A

cavity behind the larynx

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9
Q

tonsils

A

clusters of lymphatic tissue

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10
Q

larynx

A

voice box

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11
Q

valsalva’s maneuver

A

attempt to forcibly exhale with the glottis mouth & nose closed

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12
Q

glottis

A

opening between vocal cords in larynx

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13
Q

epiglottis

A

spoon shaped structure composed of elastic cartilage

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14
Q

what is the function of the epiglottis

A

covers laryngeal inlet (glottis) during swallowing

“guardian of the airways”

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15
Q

trachea

A

windpipe

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16
Q

bronchus

A

one large branches leading to the lungs

primary, secondary, tertiary

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17
Q

respiratory zone

A

begins as terminal bronchioles & leads to respiratory bronchioles

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18
Q

terminal bronchioles

A

deliver air to pulmonary lobules

then branches to form several respiratory bronchioles

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19
Q

which structure is the most delicate in the respiratory system

A

respiratory bronchioles

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20
Q

alveolar ducts

A

branches of respiratory bronchioles

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21
Q

alveolus

A

one structure

chamber where bulk of gas exchange takes place

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22
Q

where are respiratory membranes found

A

alveoli

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23
Q

what area is where alveolar walls come together with capillary walls

A

respiratory membrane

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24
Q

basal laminas

A

air blood barrier where where alveolar walls come together with capillary walls

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25
what happens to inhaled 02 in the lung alveoli
goes into capillaries to return to the left atrium of the heart to be circulated to body thru aorta
26
what happens to co2 in the blood
goes thru pulmonary arteries to capillaries in the lungs crosses into the alveoli then exhaled
27
type I cells
single layer of squamous epithelium forming alveolar walls
28
type II cells
cuboidal epithelium cells | secrete surfactant
29
surfactant
reduces surface tension of alveolar fluid | keeps alveolar from collapsing
30
RDS
respiratory distress syndrome
31
alveolar macrophages
dust cells | eat up debris
32
HMD
hyaline membrane disease
33
cilia
hair-like structures that move mucus & trapped particles
34
how do the cilia work
upper resp. tract cilia move down toward pharynx | lower resp. tract cilia move up toward pharynx
35
pleura
lines thorax covers lungs thin doubled layered membrane
36
parietal pleura
lines wall of thorax including superior aspect of diaphragm
37
visceral pleura
covers external surface of lung
38
pleura cavity
space between parietal & visceral pleura
39
intrapleural pressure
pressure between parietal & visceral pleura | must be less than that inside lungs = negative pressure
40
what happens if the pressure becomes positive
lungs collapse
41
what happens with inspiration
intrapulmonary pressure must go down making outside air pressure greater than lungs allows air to go to lungs
42
what happens with exhalation
intrapulmonary pressure must go up making outside air pressure less than lungs forcing air to go outof lungs
43
what things are responsible for the changes in intrapulmonary pressure
contraction relaxation diaphragm thorax muscles
44
what activates the diaphragm
phrenic nerve
45
what factors hold lungs to thoracic wall
surface tension positive pressure atmospheric pressure
46
boyles law
when temperature is constant the pressure of a gas varies inversely with its volume
47
pressure gradient
gas flows form a place of higher pressure to a place of lower pressure simple diffusion = passive transport no atp required
48
recoil
lung elasticity | ability of lung tissue to expand and return to normal
49
surfactant
phospholipids + lipoproteins produced by type II alveolar cells (septal cells)
50
IRDS
infant respiratory distress syndrome | hyaline membrane disease
51
atalectasis
collapse of lung
52
tidal volume
volume of one breath Vt
53
vital capacity
sum of inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume
54
hypercapnia
pco2 levels rise
55
airflow
pressure difference between alveoli + atmosphere/resistance
56
eupnea
true breathing
57
what is normal breathing rate
12 breaths/min | 500ml of air into + out of lungs each breath
58
spirometer
breath measuring device
59
spirogram
record of breathing
60
anatomic dead space
the conducting airways where 30% (150mls) of the tidal volume remains
61
alveolar ventilation rate
volume of air per min that reaches alveoli
62
inspiratory reserve volume
additional air taken in during a very deep breath about 3100ml
63
total lung capacity
sum of all volumes | 6000ml
64
daltons law
each gas in a mixture exerts its own pressure
65
henrys law
quantity of gas that will dissolve in a liquid is proportional to its pressure & solubility
66
cellular respiration
metabolic reaction that consumes o2 & gives off co2 during the production of atp
67
the respiratory center consist of what 3 groups
the medullary rhythmicity the pneumotaxic area the apneustic area
68
what are the organs of the gi
``` mouth pharynx esophagus stomach si & li ```
69
what are the accessory structures
``` teeth tongue salivary glands liver gallbladder panceas ```
70
salivary amylase
starts chemical breakdown of polysaccharides in to monosaccharieds
71
mastication
chewing
72
deglutition
swallowing
73
what are the phases of deglution
buccal phase- occurs in mouth is voluntary | pharyngeal esophageal phase involuntary
74
chyme
creamy paste into which food is converted in stomach
75
rugae
folds of mucosa
76
goblet cells
secrete large amts of protective mucus
77
gastic pits
lead into gastric glands which secrete gastric juice
78
what are the secretory cells
parietal (oxyntic) secrete HCL + intrinsic factor chief (zygomatic) produce pepsinogen enteroendocrine cells

A & P 2 (3 decks)

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