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AP II B5 Digestive > Digestive Part I - slides 85 to 115 > Flashcards

Digestive Part I - slides 85 to 115 Flashcards

1
Q

Arises as anterior fold in the serosa of the stomach and distal duodenum connecting it to the liver

A

Lesser Omentum

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2
Q

pathway for blood vessels entering liver

Contains portal vein, common hepatic artery, common bile duct and some lymph nodes

A

Lesser Omentum

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3
Q

Slide 86 for reference

A

feed me more coffee

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4
Q

Binds jejunum and ileum of small intestine to posterior peritoneal wall

Also a large fold, adding to abdominal girth when weight is gained

A

Mesentery

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5
Q

Extends from posterior peritoneal wall (same place the mesocolon arises from), wraps around small intestine, returns to its origin.

Between layers are blood and lymphatic vessels, as well as lymph nodes

A

Mesentery (slide 88 for visual)

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6
Q

Two separate folds that bind portions of large intestine to posterior abdominal wall

A

Mesocolon

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7
Q

First binds the ___ colon

Second binds the sigmoid colon

(mesocolon)

A

transverse

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8
Q

Carries blood and lymphatic vessels to intestines

A

mesocolon

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9
Q

Along with the mesentery, the ___ holds small intestines loosely in place.

This allows slight movement as muscular contractions mix and move the contents of the GI tract

A

mes`ocolon

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10
Q

Slide 91, 90 for neat artwork

A

cool

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11
Q

Oral or buccal cavity

A

Mouth

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12
Q

Mouth is formed by

A

cheeks, hard/soft palate, tongue

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13
Q

form lateral walls of oral cavity

A

Cheeks

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14
Q

fleshy folds surrounding opening of the mouth

A

Lips

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15
Q

fold of tissue that restricts the movement to which it is attached

A

Frenula

Labial frenula (mandibular, maxillary)
Lingual frenula
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16
Q

oral space completely bound by cheeks, lips, gums and buccal side of teeth

A

Oral vestibule

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17
Q

space that extends from lingual side of teeth back to the fauces

A

Oral cavity proper

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18
Q

Forms the roof of the mouth

A wall or septum that separates the oral cavity
from nasal cavity

Allows us to
chew and breath at the same time

A

Mouth

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19
Q

Anterior portion of roof of mouth

Formed by palatine and maxillae bones

Covered by
mucous membrane

A

Hard palate

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20
Q

Posterior portion of roof of mouth

Arch shaped muscular partition between oropharynx and nasopharynx line with mucous membrane

A

Soft palate

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21
Q

Hangs from free border of soft palate

Conical muscular process

A

Uvula

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22
Q

During swallowing, soft palate and uvula are drawn superiorly.

This closes off ___ preventing food and saliva from entering the nasal cavity

A

nasopharynx

23
Q

At base of uvula, two muscular folds run down lateral sides of soft palate.

___ arch is anterior fold that extends to the side of the base of the tongue.

____ arch is posterior fold that extends to side of pharynx

A

Palatoglossal

Palatopharyngeal

24
Q

small masses of lymphatic tissue that produce antibodies to fight infection

A

Tonsils

25
Q

tonsils situated between the arches?

Most commonly infected tonsils, often removed in childhood after multiple infections

A

palatine

26
Q

tonsil located at base of tongue (only one)

A

lingual

27
Q

tonsils (also known as adenoids) located on superior portion of nasopharynx

Often removed with palatine tonsils in children as they can inflame and close off sinus drainage and cause difficulty breathing through the nose

A

pharyngeal

28
Q

Usually just enough saliva is secreted to keep mucous membranes of mouth and pharynx moist and to cleanse the mouth and teeth.

When food is consumed, saliva production increases
This helps to lubricate, dissolve and chemically break down food

A

Salivary Glands

Mucous membrane of mouth and tongue contain many small salivary glands that open directly into oral cavity or indirectly via ducts

29
Q

Labial
Buccal
Palatal
Lingual

A

Minor salivary glands in lips, cheeks, palate, and tongue

30
Q

Parotids
Submandibular
Sublingual

A

Major salivary glands- secrete most of the saliva

31
Q

Located inferior and anterior to the ears between skin and masseter muscle

Secrete saliva into oral cavity via the parotid duct (Stenson’s duct)

A

Parotid Glands

32
Q

This pierces the buccinator muscle to open into oral vestibule opposite the second maxillary molar (upper)

A

parotid duct (Stenson’s duct)

33
Q

Found in the floor of the mouth, medial and partly inferior to the body of the mandible bone

A

Submandibular Glands

34
Q

Submandibular ducts open on either side of the lingual frenulum in the oral cavity proper, aka

A

(Wharton’s ducts)

35
Q

Found beneath the tongue and just superior to the submandibular glands

A

Sublingual Glands

36
Q

Their ducts, lesser sublingual ducts, open into the floor of the mouth in the oral cavity proper. Numerous small openings just lateral to the openings of the ____

A

submandibular ducts

37
Q

Chemically, saliva is 99.5% water and 0.5% solutes

A

uh so mostly water

38
Q

Solutes in saliva?

A

sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate

also some dissolved gases, various organic substances, mucous, IgA, lysozymes, salivary amylase

39
Q

secrete serous (watery) liquid containing salivary amylase

A

Parotid Glands

40
Q

similar to parotids with the serous fluid and salivary amylase
also contain mucous cells, the secretion from them is a thicker version of what the parotid glands secrete

A

Submandibular Glands

41
Q

contain mostly mucous cells

secrete much thicker fluid that has only small amount of salivary amylase

A

Sublingual Glands

42
Q

Water in saliva provides a medium for dissolving foods, allowing for

A

tasting by the gustatory receptors and digestive reactions to begin

43
Q

___ starts the breakdown of carbohydrates

A

Salivary amylase, activated by chloride

44
Q

___ and __ helps to buffer acidic environment in the mouth

A

Bicarb and phosphate

45
Q

Saliva ends up being slightly ___

A

acidic (pH 6.35-6.85)

46
Q

Some chemical waste products are secreted/excreted into saliva, such as

A

urea, uric acid

47
Q

Salivation is controlled by

A

ANS

48
Q

Normally ___ stimulation promotes continuous secretion of moderate amount

A

parasympathetic

49
Q

This lubricates the mucous membranes, and helps keep the movements of the tongue and lips moist during speech

Saliva is then swallowed which helps to keep the esophagus moist

A

Continuous secretion from parasympathetic stimulation

50
Q

Sympathetic stimulation dominates during times of stress.

This is why during these times, the mouth and throat become dry, called

A

xerostomia.

If the body becomes dehydrated, the salivary glands stop producing saliva to conserve water (remember ADH?)

51
Q

Feel and taste of food are potent stimulators of

A

salivation

52
Q

Returning parasympathetic impulses stimulate salivation, returned along the fibers of both the

A

Facial (VII) nerve

Glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve

53
Q

Saliva continues to be secreted heavily after food is swallowed, for the purposes of?

A

Washes out the mouth

Dilutes and buffers remnants of irritating chemicals (ghost peppers!! Not enough saliva in the world….)

54
Q

ligamentum teres AKA

does what?

A

round ligament

attaches the liver to the ventral (anterior) surface of the abdominal wall… making liver ONLY organ of digestive system to attach anteriorly

AP II B5 Digestive (4 decks)

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