Digestive Part I - slides 85 to 115 Flashcards
Arises as anterior fold in the serosa of the stomach and distal duodenum connecting it to the liver
Lesser Omentum
pathway for blood vessels entering liver
Contains portal vein, common hepatic artery, common bile duct and some lymph nodes
Lesser Omentum
Slide 86 for reference
feed me more coffee
Binds jejunum and ileum of small intestine to posterior peritoneal wall
Also a large fold, adding to abdominal girth when weight is gained
Mesentery
Extends from posterior peritoneal wall (same place the mesocolon arises from), wraps around small intestine, returns to its origin.
Between layers are blood and lymphatic vessels, as well as lymph nodes
Mesentery (slide 88 for visual)
Two separate folds that bind portions of large intestine to posterior abdominal wall
Mesocolon
First binds the ___ colon
Second binds the sigmoid colon
(mesocolon)
transverse
Carries blood and lymphatic vessels to intestines
mesocolon
Along with the mesentery, the ___ holds small intestines loosely in place.
This allows slight movement as muscular contractions mix and move the contents of the GI tract
mes`ocolon
Slide 91, 90 for neat artwork
cool
Oral or buccal cavity
Mouth
Mouth is formed by
cheeks, hard/soft palate, tongue
form lateral walls of oral cavity
Cheeks
fleshy folds surrounding opening of the mouth
Lips
fold of tissue that restricts the movement to which it is attached
Frenula
Labial frenula (mandibular, maxillary) Lingual frenula
oral space completely bound by cheeks, lips, gums and buccal side of teeth
Oral vestibule
space that extends from lingual side of teeth back to the fauces
Oral cavity proper
Forms the roof of the mouth
A wall or septum that separates the oral cavity
from nasal cavity
Allows us to
chew and breath at the same time
Mouth
Anterior portion of roof of mouth
Formed by palatine and maxillae bones
Covered by
mucous membrane
Hard palate
Posterior portion of roof of mouth
Arch shaped muscular partition between oropharynx and nasopharynx line with mucous membrane
Soft palate
Hangs from free border of soft palate
Conical muscular process
Uvula
During swallowing, soft palate and uvula are drawn superiorly.
This closes off ___ preventing food and saliva from entering the nasal cavity
nasopharynx
At base of uvula, two muscular folds run down lateral sides of soft palate.
___ arch is anterior fold that extends to the side of the base of the tongue.
____ arch is posterior fold that extends to side of pharynx
Palatoglossal
Palatopharyngeal
small masses of lymphatic tissue that produce antibodies to fight infection
Tonsils
tonsils situated between the arches?
Most commonly infected tonsils, often removed in childhood after multiple infections
palatine
tonsil located at base of tongue (only one)
lingual
tonsils (also known as adenoids) located on superior portion of nasopharynx
Often removed with palatine tonsils in children as they can inflame and close off sinus drainage and cause difficulty breathing through the nose
pharyngeal
Usually just enough saliva is secreted to keep mucous membranes of mouth and pharynx moist and to cleanse the mouth and teeth.
When food is consumed, saliva production increases
This helps to lubricate, dissolve and chemically break down food
Salivary Glands
Mucous membrane of mouth and tongue contain many small salivary glands that open directly into oral cavity or indirectly via ducts
Labial
Buccal
Palatal
Lingual
Minor salivary glands in lips, cheeks, palate, and tongue
Parotids
Submandibular
Sublingual
Major salivary glands- secrete most of the saliva
Located inferior and anterior to the ears between skin and masseter muscle
Secrete saliva into oral cavity via the parotid duct (Stenson’s duct)
Parotid Glands
This pierces the buccinator muscle to open into oral vestibule opposite the second maxillary molar (upper)
parotid duct (Stenson’s duct)
Found in the floor of the mouth, medial and partly inferior to the body of the mandible bone
Submandibular Glands
Submandibular ducts open on either side of the lingual frenulum in the oral cavity proper, aka
(Wharton’s ducts)
Found beneath the tongue and just superior to the submandibular glands
Sublingual Glands
Their ducts, lesser sublingual ducts, open into the floor of the mouth in the oral cavity proper. Numerous small openings just lateral to the openings of the ____
submandibular ducts
Chemically, saliva is 99.5% water and 0.5% solutes
uh so mostly water
Solutes in saliva?
sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate
also some dissolved gases, various organic substances, mucous, IgA, lysozymes, salivary amylase
secrete serous (watery) liquid containing salivary amylase
Parotid Glands
similar to parotids with the serous fluid and salivary amylase
also contain mucous cells, the secretion from them is a thicker version of what the parotid glands secrete
Submandibular Glands
contain mostly mucous cells
secrete much thicker fluid that has only small amount of salivary amylase
Sublingual Glands
Water in saliva provides a medium for dissolving foods, allowing for
tasting by the gustatory receptors and digestive reactions to begin
___ starts the breakdown of carbohydrates
Salivary amylase, activated by chloride
___ and __ helps to buffer acidic environment in the mouth
Bicarb and phosphate
Saliva ends up being slightly ___
acidic (pH 6.35-6.85)
Some chemical waste products are secreted/excreted into saliva, such as
urea, uric acid
Salivation is controlled by
ANS
Normally ___ stimulation promotes continuous secretion of moderate amount
parasympathetic
This lubricates the mucous membranes, and helps keep the movements of the tongue and lips moist during speech
Saliva is then swallowed which helps to keep the esophagus moist
Continuous secretion from parasympathetic stimulation
Sympathetic stimulation dominates during times of stress.
This is why during these times, the mouth and throat become dry, called
xerostomia.
If the body becomes dehydrated, the salivary glands stop producing saliva to conserve water (remember ADH?)
Feel and taste of food are potent stimulators of
salivation
Returning parasympathetic impulses stimulate salivation, returned along the fibers of both the
Facial (VII) nerve
Glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve
Saliva continues to be secreted heavily after food is swallowed, for the purposes of?
Washes out the mouth
Dilutes and buffers remnants of irritating chemicals (ghost peppers!! Not enough saliva in the world….)
ligamentum teres AKA
does what?
round ligament
attaches the liver to the ventral (anterior) surface of the abdominal wall… making liver ONLY organ of digestive system to attach anteriorly
