Digestive Part I - slides 85 to 115

Question 1

Arises as anterior fold in the serosa of the stomach and distal duodenum connecting it to the liver

Answer 1

Lesser Omentum

Question 2

pathway for blood vessels entering liver

Contains portal vein, common hepatic artery, common bile duct and some lymph nodes

Answer 2

Lesser Omentum

Question 3

Slide 86 for reference

Answer 3

feed me more coffee

Question 4

Binds jejunum and ileum of small intestine to posterior peritoneal wall

Also a large fold, adding to abdominal girth when weight is gained

Answer 4

Mesentery

Question 5

Extends from posterior peritoneal wall (same place the mesocolon arises from), wraps around small intestine, returns to its origin.

Between layers are blood and lymphatic vessels, as well as lymph nodes

Answer 5

Mesentery (slide 88 for visual)

Question 6

Two separate folds that bind portions of large intestine to posterior abdominal wall

Answer 6

Mesocolon

Question 7

First binds the ___ colon

Second binds the sigmoid colon

(mesocolon)

Answer 7

transverse

Question 8

Carries blood and lymphatic vessels to intestines

Answer 8

mesocolon

Question 9

Along with the mesentery, the ___ holds small intestines loosely in place.

This allows slight movement as muscular contractions mix and move the contents of the GI tract

Answer 9

mes`ocolon

Question 10

Slide 91, 90 for neat artwork

Answer 10

cool

Question 11

Oral or buccal cavity

Answer 11

Mouth

Question 12

Mouth is formed by

Answer 12

cheeks, hard/soft palate, tongue

Question 13

form lateral walls of oral cavity

Answer 13

Cheeks

Question 14

fleshy folds surrounding opening of the mouth

Answer 14

Lips

Question 15

fold of tissue that restricts the movement to which it is attached

Answer 15

Frenula

Labial frenula (mandibular, maxillary)
Lingual frenula

Question 16

oral space completely bound by cheeks, lips, gums and buccal side of teeth

Answer 16

Oral vestibule

Question 17

space that extends from lingual side of teeth back to the fauces

Answer 17

Oral cavity proper

Question 18

Forms the roof of the mouth

A wall or septum that separates the oral cavity
from nasal cavity

Allows us to
chew and breath at the same time

Answer 18

Mouth

Question 19

Anterior portion of roof of mouth

Formed by palatine and maxillae bones

Covered by
mucous membrane

Answer 19

Hard palate

Question 20

Posterior portion of roof of mouth

Arch shaped muscular partition between oropharynx and nasopharynx line with mucous membrane

Answer 20

Soft palate

Question 21

Hangs from free border of soft palate

Conical muscular process

Answer 21

Uvula

Question 22

During swallowing, soft palate and uvula are drawn superiorly.

This closes off ___ preventing food and saliva from entering the nasal cavity

Answer 22

nasopharynx

Question 23

At base of uvula, two muscular folds run down lateral sides of soft palate.

___ arch is anterior fold that extends to the side of the base of the tongue.

____ arch is posterior fold that extends to side of pharynx

Answer 23

Palatoglossal

Palatopharyngeal

Question 24

small masses of lymphatic tissue that produce antibodies to fight infection

Answer 24

Tonsils

Question 25

tonsils situated between the arches? Most commonly infected tonsils, often removed in childhood after multiple infections

Answer 25

palatine

Question 26

tonsil located at base of tongue (only one)

Answer 26

lingual

Question 27

tonsils (also known as adenoids) located on superior portion of nasopharynx Often removed with palatine tonsils in children as they can inflame and close off sinus drainage and cause difficulty breathing through the nose

Answer 27

pharyngeal

Question 28

Usually just enough saliva is secreted to keep mucous membranes of mouth and pharynx moist and to cleanse the mouth and teeth. When food is consumed, saliva production increases This helps to lubricate, dissolve and chemically break down food

Answer 28

Salivary Glands Mucous membrane of mouth and tongue contain many small salivary glands that open directly into oral cavity or indirectly via ducts

Question 29

Labial Buccal Palatal Lingual

Answer 29

Minor salivary glands in lips, cheeks, palate, and tongue

Question 30

Parotids Submandibular Sublingual

Answer 30

Major salivary glands- secrete most of the saliva

Question 31

Located inferior and anterior to the ears between skin and masseter muscle Secrete saliva into oral cavity via the parotid duct (Stenson’s duct)

Answer 31

Parotid Glands

Question 32

This pierces the buccinator muscle to open into oral vestibule opposite the second maxillary molar (upper)

Answer 32

parotid duct (Stenson’s duct)

Question 33

Found in the floor of the mouth, medial and partly inferior to the body of the mandible bone

Answer 33

Submandibular Glands

Question 34

Submandibular ducts open on either side of the lingual frenulum in the oral cavity proper, aka

Answer 34

(Wharton’s ducts)

Question 35

Found beneath the tongue and just superior to the submandibular glands

Answer 35

Sublingual Glands

Question 36

Their ducts, lesser sublingual ducts, open into the floor of the mouth in the oral cavity proper. Numerous small openings just lateral to the openings of the ____

Answer 36

submandibular ducts

Question 37

Chemically, saliva is 99.5% water and 0.5% solutes

Answer 37

uh so mostly water

Question 38

Solutes in saliva?

Answer 38

sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate also some dissolved gases, various organic substances, mucous, IgA, lysozymes, salivary amylase

Question 39

secrete serous (watery) liquid containing salivary amylase

Answer 39

Parotid Glands

Question 40

similar to parotids with the serous fluid and salivary amylase also contain mucous cells, the secretion from them is a thicker version of what the parotid glands secrete

Answer 40

Submandibular Glands

Question 41

contain mostly mucous cells | secrete much thicker fluid that has only small amount of salivary amylase

Answer 41

Sublingual Glands

Question 42

Water in saliva provides a medium for dissolving foods, allowing for

Answer 42

tasting by the gustatory receptors and digestive reactions to begin

Question 43

___ starts the breakdown of carbohydrates

Answer 43

Salivary amylase, activated by chloride

Question 44

___ and __ helps to buffer acidic environment in the mouth

Answer 44

Bicarb and phosphate

Question 45

Saliva ends up being slightly ___

Answer 45

acidic (pH 6.35-6.85)

Question 46

Some chemical waste products are secreted/excreted into saliva, such as

Answer 46

urea, uric acid

Question 47

Salivation is controlled by

Answer 47

ANS

Question 48

Normally ___ stimulation promotes continuous secretion of moderate amount

Answer 48

parasympathetic

Question 49

This lubricates the mucous membranes, and helps keep the movements of the tongue and lips moist during speech Saliva is then swallowed which helps to keep the esophagus moist

Answer 49

Continuous secretion from parasympathetic stimulation

Question 50

Sympathetic stimulation dominates during times of stress. | This is why during these times, the mouth and throat become dry, called

Answer 50

xerostomia. If the body becomes dehydrated, the salivary glands stop producing saliva to conserve water (remember ADH?)

Question 51

Feel and taste of food are potent stimulators of

Answer 51

salivation

Question 52

Returning parasympathetic impulses stimulate salivation, returned along the fibers of both the

Answer 52

Facial (VII) nerve | Glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve

Question 53

Saliva continues to be secreted heavily after food is swallowed, for the purposes of?

Answer 53

Washes out the mouth Dilutes and buffers remnants of irritating chemicals (ghost peppers!! Not enough saliva in the world….)

Question 54

ligamentum teres AKA does what?

Answer 54

round ligament attaches the liver to the ventral (anterior) surface of the abdominal wall... making liver ONLY organ of digestive system to attach anteriorly