Digestive P2 Flashcards
What is the exocrine function of pancreatitis cells?
Secrete bicarbonate and digestive enzymes into ducts to duodenum
In acute pancreatitis, inflammation?
Resolves clinically and histologically
In chronic Pancreatitis inflammation?
The histological changes are irreversible and progressive causing loss of pancreatic function
What are the major causes of acute pancreatitis?
70% - Gallstones, and alcohol abuse
How Pancreatitis is diagnosed?
Serum amylase and serum lipase levels elevated, imaging studies (Abdominal radiographs, CT scan)
Cause of Chronic pancreatitis?
Adults - alcohol abuse, children - CF
Clinical features of Chronic pancreatitis?
Abdominal pain, pancreatic insufficiency, malabsorption and weightloss
What are diverticula?
Saclike out-pouches where the mucosa and submucosa protrude through the muscular wall of the digestive system
Where does diverticulis mainly occur?
Any where in large bowel, but mainly sigmoid
Causes of diverticula?
Low fiber diet, most ppl unaware
Treatment for Diverticula?
Antibiotics and high fiber diet
What is an intestinal polyp?
A mass of tissue that arises from bowel wall and protrudes into the lumen
Benign polyps are the precursors to the majority of?
Colorectal cancers
Polyps are mainly found in?
The sigmoid and rectum
95% of colorectal cancers develop from?
Adenomatous polyps
Incidence for colon cancer increases around?
40 - 50 years
Right colon colorectal cancer symptoms?
Large lumen, contents are liquid, so obstruction is a late event. Bleed is usually occult, fatigue and weakness due to anaemia may be the only symptoms. This allow tumors to grow large
Left colon, colorectal cancer symptoms?
Smaller lumen, faeces are semi-solid, so cancer tends to cause obstruction earlier than right colon. May experience colicky pain, stool streaked or mixed with blood
What is a hernia?
Occurs when one part of the body protrudes through a gap, tear, or opening into another part
What is a hiatus hernia?
Protrusion of the stomach through the opening in the diaphragm
What is an inguinal Hernia?
Is a protrusion of the abdominal contents, often part of intestine, through the inguinal canal
What is an incarcerated hernia?
Hernia that cannot be manually reduced in size, risk of intestinal obstruction
What is an intestinal Obstruction?
Significant mechanical impairment or complete arrest of the passage of intestinal contents due to a pathology that causes blockage of the tract
What are the 2 types of Mechanical obstruction?
Simple luminal, and stragulated
