Digestive Disorders P1 Flashcards
What is Dyspepsia?
Discomfort in upper abdomen after eating
What are Atresias?
Blockages of the tract
What is stenosis?
Narrowing of the tract
What is the impact of Atresias and stenoses?
Will block or reduce the flow of food through the GI
What is a fistula?
An abnormal opening between 2 organs, or organ cavity and outside and will allow the passage of air and fluids
What is the mucosa?
The innermost membrane that encircles the lumen, lined with simple squamous
What is the Muscularisis?
Voluntary skeletal muscle from mouth, pharynx and upper region of esophagus, and the external sphincter of the anal canal for defecation, controls vessel size
What are adhesions?
Bands of tissue that form between digestive organs and structures, can cause food to stick causing obstrictions
What is the malabsorption Syndrome?
Characteristics are similar in differing conditions as the symptoms are usually directly referable to the GI tract even though the exact cause may be different
What is Coeliac Disease?
A malabsorption syndrome caused by an immune (allergic) reaction to gluten resulting in inflammation and flattening of the villi in the small intestine
Does Coeliec Affect digestion?
No. Digestion is normal, but absorption is impaired
Coeliac can sometimes cause a skin condition called?
Dermatitis herpetiformis
How is Coeliac Detected?
By the presence of autoantibodies against tissue transaminase, and antigliadin antibodies
What is IBS?
Chronic, recurrent GI symptoms but in the absence of any structural or biochemical abnormality
What is IBD?
A relapsing and remitting condition characterized by chronic inflammation at various sites of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT)
What is the cause of IBD?
Unknown. But probably abnormal immune reactions in patients with a genetic predisposition
Peak onset of IBD?
15 - 25 years
What is Crohns?
Affects the distal ileum and colon, but may occur in any part of the GI tract
In Crohn’s the areas of inflammation are?
Not continuous and involves healthy and inflamed tissue
What is the pathology of Crohns?
Inflammation spreads through layers of gut (transmural, from mucosa to serosa), with ulcers, granulomas, and abscesses
Common complications of Crohn’s?
Perianal fistulas & abscesses
What is UC?
Immune cause. Severity ranges from mild & localized to severe, periods of ‘flare’ with new damage, and ‘remission’ where tissue heals
Normal or inflamed mucosa is surrounding ulcerated “humps” to give the appearance of?
psedopolyps
UC complications?
Perforations and colon cancer
