Digestive Clinical Terms

Question 1

Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity following its leakage across the serous membranes of the liver and viscera

Answer 1

Ascites

Question 2

Inflammation of the gall bladder due to a blockage of the cystic duct or common bile duct by gallstones

Answer 2

Cholecystitis

Question 3

Presence of gall stones in the gall bladder

Answer 3

Cholelithiasis

Question 4

Disease characterized by the widespread destruction of hepatocytes resulting from drug usage, viral infection, ischemia, or blockage of the hepatic ducts.

Answer 4

Cirrhosis

Question 5

The removal of all or a portion of the colon

Answer 5

Colectomy

Question 6

Fiberoptic device for examining the interior of the colon

Answer 6

Colonoscope

Question 7

Attachment of the cut end of the colon to an opening in the body wall after a Colectomy

Answer 7

Colostomy

Question 8

Inflammation of the esophagus

Answer 8

Esophagitis

Question 9

Deposits of mineral, bile salts, and cholesterol that firm when bile becomes too concentrated

Answer 9

Gallstones

Question 10

Surgical removal of the stomach

Answer 10

Gastrectomy

Question 11

Inflammation of the lining of the stomach and intestine, characterized by vomiting and diarrhea and resulting from bacterial toxins , viral infections, or various poisons

Answer 11

Gastroenteritis

Question 12

Study of the digestive system and its diseases and disorders

Answer 12

Gastroenterology

Question 13

Inflammation of the liver, most commonly viral induced

Answer 13

Hepatitis

Question 14

Chronic inflammation of the digestive tract , most commonly the colon

Answer 14

Inflammatory bowel syndrome

Question 15

Use of a flexible fiberoptic instrument introduced through the abdominal wall to permit direct visualization of the viscera , tissue sampling, and limited surgical procedures

Answer 15

Laparoscopy

Question 16

Sample of liver tissue generally taken by inserting a long needle through the anterior abdominal wall

Answer 16

Liver biopsy

Question 17

Particularly dangerous ulcer in which gastric acids erode through the wall of the digestive tract allowing its contents to enter the peritoneal cavity

Answer 17

Perforated ulcer

Question 18

Loosening of the teeth within the boney sockets caused by erosion of the periodontal ligaments by acids produced through bacterial action

Answer 18

Periodontal disease

Question 19

Inflammation of the peritoneal membrane

Answer 19

Peritonitis

Question 20

Small masses of tissue that project beyond the normal surface level, such as from the intestinal wall

Answer 20

Polyps

Question 21

Condition that results when a bolus cannot reach the stomach due to constriction of the lower esophageal sphincter

Answer 21

Achalasia

Question 22

Disorder characterized by diarrhea constipation or both.

Answer 22

Irritable bowel syndrome