Digestive And Excretory System

Question 1

The major reaction involved in the digestion of macromolecules is…….

Answer 1

Hydrolysis

Question 2

Digestion begins in the……..with……..in salvia.

Answer 2

Mouth
Alpha amylase

Question 3

The major carbohydrate in human diet…

Answer 3

Starch

Question 4

🎀

Answer 4

The chains of starch are straight

Question 5

Bolus?

Answer 5

Chewed food forms a clump(توده) in the mouth called bolus

Question 6

Peristaltic action?

Answer 6

A wave motion that is performed by smooth muscle

Question 7

🎀

Answer 7

No digestion occurs in esophagus

Question 8

Sphincter?

Answer 8

A ring of muscle that is normally contracted so that there is no opening at its center

Question 9

Bolus moves into the stomach through……..

Answer 9

Cardiac sphincter (lower esophageal sphincter)

Question 10

Chyme?

Answer 10

The stomach is a very flexible pouch that both mixes and stores food, reducing it to a semifluid mass called chyme.

Question 11

Protein digestion begins in…..with enzyme…..

Answer 11

Stomach
Pepsin

Question 12

A full stomach has a PH of ….

Answer 12

2

Question 13

4 gastric gland cell types:

Answer 13

1)Mucous cells(have rough ER and Golgi)

2)Chief(peptic) cells(synthesizing pepsinogen in rough ER)

3)Parietal(oxyntic) cells(many mitochondria to produce sufficient energy to establish a protein gradient)

4)G cells(secreting gastrin)

Question 14

Mucus composed mainly of a ………….and……….

Answer 14

Sticky glycoprotein
Electrolytes

Question 15

Some mucous cells also secrete a small amount of…….

Answer 15

Pepsinogen

Question 16

Pepsinogen is activated to pepsinogen by the …….in stomach

Answer 16

Low pH

Question 17

Pepsinogen is ……………….to pepsin.

Answer 17

Zymogen precursor

Question 18

🎀

Answer 18

No absorption occurs in the stomach

Question 19

Chief cells and parietal cells are found deep in the………

Answer 19

Exocrine glands of stomach .غدد برون ریز

Question 20

Parietal cells secrete ……. And……… which helps the ileum absorb B12

Answer 20

Hydrochloric acid
Intrinsic factor

Question 21

Function of gastrin:

Answer 21

A large peptide hormone is absorbed into the blood and stimulates parietal cells to secrete HCL

Question 22

The major hormones that affect the secretion of the stomach juices are….

Answer 22

1)acetylcholine,
2)gastrin
3)Histamine.

Question 23

🎀

Answer 23

Acetylcholine increases the secretion of all cell types

Question 24

🎀

Answer 24

Gastrin and histamin mainly increase HCL secretion