Digestive

Question 1

the innermost tunic of the wall. It
lines the lumen of the digestive
tract. consists of
epithelium, an underlying loose
connective tissue layer called
lamina propria, and a thin layer
of smooth muscle called the
muscularis mucosa.

Answer 1

Mucosa or Mucous Membrane Layer

Question 2

carries blood vessels and
nerves to the wall of the
digestive tube. The large
number of glands associated
with the digestive tract range
from unicellular and small
tubuloalveolar glands
residing in the mucosa to
large organs such as the
pancreas and liver

Answer 2

Serosa or Adventitia

Question 3

smooth muscle layer.There are
usually two layers; the inner
layer is circular, and the outer
layer is longitudinal. These
layers of smooth muscle are
used for peristalsis (rhythmic
waves of contraction), to
move food down through the
gut

Answer 3

Muscular Layer or Muscularis propria (externa):

Question 4

loose connective tissue in a
mucosa. It supports the delicate
mucosal epithelium, allows
the epithelium to move freely
with respect to deeper
structures, and provides for
immune defense

Answer 4

Lamina Propia

Question 5

the first line of defense against
infiltration of microorganisms,
digestive enzymes and acids,
digested food particles,
microbial by-products, and
food-associated toxins

Answer 5

Mucus Layer

Question 6

It is bounded below by the
muscularis and above by the
outermost layer of the mucosa, the muscularis mucosa. lying next to the mucosa, supports it in its
specialized function of nutrient,
fluid, and electrolyte absorption by
carrying a rich network of blood
vessels, lymphatics, and nerves.

Answer 6

Submucosa

Question 7

Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) line
the surface of intestinal
epithelium, where they play
important roles in the digestion of
food, absorption of nutrients, and
protection of the human body
from microbial infections, and
others

Answer 7

EPITHELIUM

Question 8

serves to support the
organs of the abdomen and acts as a conduit for the passage of nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatics. Although the peritoneum is thin, it is made of 2 layers with a potential
space between them

Answer 8

PERITONEUM

Question 9

This tissue main function is protection

Answer 9

Simple Columnar epithelial cells

Question 10

These cells line the entire digestive tract, from the mouth to the anus. They play a role in absorption and secretion

Answer 10

EPITHELIAL CELLS

Question 11

These cells secrete mucus, which lubricates and protects the lining of the digestive tract

Answer 11

GOBLET CELLS

Question 12

Found in the stomach, these cells secrete pepsinogen, a precursor to the enzyme pepsin, which helps break down proteins.

Answer 12

CHIEF CELLS

Question 12

Liver cells that play a key role in metabolism, including the processing and storage of nutrients absorbed from the digestive tract

Answer 12

HEPATOCYTES

Question 13

Also found in the stomach, These cells secrete hydrochloric acid, which helps break down food and kills bacteria

Answer 13

PARIETAL CELLS

Question 14

Found in the small intestine, these cells secrete antimicrobial peptides that help protect the intestines from harmful bacteria.

Answer 14

PANETH CELLS

Question 15

These are the absorptive cells of the small
intestine, responsible for absorbing nutrients
from digested food into the bloodstream

Answer 15

ENTEROCYTES

Question 16

These cells line the bile ducts and help transport bile, which is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, into the small intestine to aid in the digestion of fats

Answer 16

BILE DUCT CELLS

Question 17

These cells secrete hormones that regulate various aspects of digestion and metabolism

Answer 17

ENTEROENDOCRINE CELLS

Question 17

is an infection of the tissues
that hold your teeth in place.
It’s typically caused by poor
brushing and flossing habits
that allow plaque—a sticky film
of bacteria—to build up on the
teeth and harden

Answer 17

Periodontal (gum) disease

Question 18

also known as mouth cancer, is
a cancer of the lining of the lips,
mouth, or upper throat

Answer 18

Oral Cancer

Question 19

is an inflammation of the lining of the
esophagus, the tube that carries food
from the throat to the stomach

Answer 19

Esophagitis

Question 20

Damages the lining of the esophagus over
time may cause a narrowing of the
esophagus called a peptic stricture.
Patients with a stricture will notice
difficulty swallowing, with food “sticking.

Answer 20

Peptic Stricture

Question 21

are sores that form in the lining of your stomach or first part of your small intestine (duodenum).

Answer 21

Stomach Ulcer

Question 21

is inflammation of the lining of the
stomach. It may occur as a short
episode or may be of a long
duration.

Answer 21

Gastritis

Question 22

is a disease that causes inflammation and sores, called ulcers, in the lining of the rectum and colon. It is one of a group of diseases called inflammatory bowel disease

Answer 22

Ulcerative colitis (UC)

Question 23

is defined as the abnormal cessation of the transit of gas and stool . occurs following the blockage or paralysis of the intestine.

Answer 23

Bowel obstruction (or ileus)

Question 24

refers to the absence or closure of a natural passage in the body. It is often genetic defect present at birth and may be accompanied by other birth defects or abnormalities

Answer 24

Atresia

Question 25

is a painful infection that usually is caused by bacteria. It is more common among elderly adults with salivary gland stones. also can occur in infants during the first few weeks of life

Answer 25

Sialadenitis

Question 26

is a progressive inflammatory liver injury caused by long-term excessive ethanol (alcohol) consumption.

Answer 26

Alcoholic hepatitis

Question 27

is a condition in which the liver slowly deteriorates and malfunctions due to chronic injury.

Answer 27

Cirrhosis