Digestion System

Question 0

Essential amino acid

Answer 0

Can only be supplied in diet

Question 1

What is a calorie

Answer 1

The measure of heat output of an organism or the energy value in food

Question 2

Ketone body

Answer 2

Intermediate in metabolism of fatty acids

Question 3

Lipoprotein

Answer 3

Particle containing lipids and proteins that make it water soluble for transport in blood

Question 4

Glycogen

Answer 4

A highly branched polymer of glucose containing thousands of sub units provides storage of glucose

Question 5

Low density lipoprotein

Answer 5

Plasma protein that is the main carrier of cholesterol in blood

Question 6

High density lipoprotein

Answer 6

A blood constituent involved in the transport of cholesterol. Decrease risk of atherosclerosis and heart attack

Question 7

Non essential amino acid

Answer 7

Alpha- amino acid that is requires for protein synthesis and can be synthesized by humans

Question 8

What are the six main digestive processes?

Answer 8

Ingestion 
Mechanical digestion
Absorption 
Propulsion
Chemical digestion
Defecation

Question 9

What is ingestion

Answer 9

Process of taking foods an liquids into the mouth (eating)

Question 10

What is propulsion

Answer 10

Alternating contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle in the walls of GI tract Mixes food and secretions.

Question 11

Mechanical digestion

Answer 11

Teeth cut and grind good before it is swallowed, smooth muscles of stomach and small intestine further assist

Question 12

Absorption

Answer 12

The entrance of ingested and secreted fluids, ions, and small molecules that are products of digestion into the epitheral cells lining GI tract

Question 13

What is chemical digestion

Answer 13

Large carbs, lipids, protein, and nucleic acid molecules in good are broken down into smaller molecules by digestive enzymes

Question 14

What is defecation

Answer 14

Waste that is indigestible substances, bacteria, cells shed from the lining of GI tract and digested material that were not absorbed

Question 15

List the organs found in the alimentary canal

Answer 15

Mouth - Pharynx - Espohagus - Stomach - Duodenum - Jejunum - Ileum - Cecum - Ascending Colon - Transverse Colon - Descending Colon - Sigmoid Colon - Rectum - Anus.

Question 16

What is the role of salivary amylase in digestion

Answer 16

Digestive enzyme that begins the digestion of starches in the mouth

Question 17

What is the role of pepsinogen/pepsin in the digestion

Answer 17

Protein digesting enzyme secreted by chief cells of the stomach in the in active form pepsinogen, which is converted to active pepsin by hydrochloric acid, degrades food proteins into peptides

Question 18

What is the role of intrinsic factor in digestion

Answer 18

Absorbs vitamin B12

Question 19

What does pancreatic amylase do in digestion

Answer 19

Enzyme that digest starches

Question 20

What is the role of pancreatic lipase

Answer 20

is the primary triglyceride digesting enzyme that breaks down dietary fat molecules

Question 21

What is trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase role in digestion

Answer 21

Proteins in pancreatic juice that breaks down starch

Question 22

What does enterokinase do in the digestion system

Answer 22

Enzyme that activates the inactive form of trypsin. In turn trypsin activates the other protein digesting enzymes

Question 23

What is the role of bile in digestion

Answer 23

Helps with emulsification, the breakdown of large lipid globules into a suspension of small liquid globules and in absorption of lipids

Question 24

What is disaccharidases (sucrose,maltase,lactase) role in digestion

Answer 24

Maltose - splits maltose into two molecules of glucose
Sucrose - breaks sucrose into a molecule if glucose and fructose
Lactose - digests lactose into a molecule of glucose and galactose

Question 25

Three structural features of the small intestines increase intestinal surface area for absorption. describe how circular folds increase surface area

Answer 25

Permanent ridges of the mucosa and submucosa that enhance absorption by increasing surface area and causing the chyme to spiral

Question 26

Three structural features of the small intestines increase intestinal surface area for absorption. Describe what villi does to increase surface area.

Answer 26

Tufts of hair fingerlike projections of the mucosa that increases surface area of the intestinal epithelium

Question 27

Three structural features of the small intestines increase intestinal surface area for absorption. Describe what microvilli do to increase surface area.

Answer 27

Tiny projections of the plasma membrane of absorption cells increase surface area of the Cells

Question 28

What are minerals

Answer 28

Inorganic element that is most heavily in the Skelton. Helps regulate enzymatic reactions.

Question 29

What are vitamins

Answer 29

Organic nutrients required in small amounts to maintain growth and normal metabolism. They serve as coenzymes and must be ingested

Question 30

What is basal metabolic rate BMR

Answer 30

Measurement of calories needed based on factors that affect metabolism rate with the body in a quiet resting and fasting condition called the basal state.

Question 31

What are glyconeogenesis

Answer 31

Liver cells convert the glycerol part of triglycerides lactic acid, and certain amino acids to glucose. The series of reactions that for glucose.

Question 32

What is lipolysis

Answer 32

Triglycerides are split into glycerol and fatty acids

Question 33

What is deamination

Answer 33

Removing the amino group, occurs in liver cells and produces ammonia