Carbohydrates And Lipids Flashcards
Pentose sugars
building blocks for Ribose (RNA) and deoxyribose (DNA)
What is the main function of all carbohydrates in humans?
Carbohydrates are used as a source of energy or for energy storage
Describe the chemical structure of a carbohydrate
Largely hydrophilic organic molecules composed of carbon hydrogen and oxygen monosaccharide and disaccharide sugars and starches are the carbohydrates
What does a monosaccharide do
It is used to build complex molecules hexosugars and provides energy one example is gluctose
What does a disaccharide do
Covalent joined monosaccharide glycosidic linkage example sucrose
What does a polysaccharide do
Polymers chains of glycosidic linkage depending on angles example glycogen
Are Carbohydrates mainly hydrophilic are mainly hydrophobic
Mainly hydrophilic due to their numerous hydroxyl groups
Polysaccharides do not dissolve dissolve well In water, what else might account for the fact that starch really only dissolves well at higher temps and/or with larger volumes of water
Given the size of the polysaccharide may take more to dissolve they store energy
Lipids are structurally and functionally diverse so what is the defining feature of lipids as a group
Organic molecules composed of mainly carbon and hydrogen hydrophobic and are polymers
What is a fatty acid
Fatty acids have a large tail of carbon hydrogen chain bound to a carboxyl group with Glycerol
Saturated fatty acid
Carbons are bound to the maximum amount of hydrogen they have a straight tail and can’t take anymore hydrogen
Unsaturated fatty acid
Has more carbons than hydrogen kinked tail double bonding to 2 or more polymers
Trans-fatty acid
Unsaturated fat that acts like a saturated fat
What is a triglyceride
Glycerol covalent bond with three fatty acid chains used of storing and transporting fatty acid
What is a phospholipid describe the structure and explain why it is important
These molecules are amphipathic lipids clearly hydrophilic opposite hydrophobic region. Heads Face water tails are inwards. Lipids are used for building cell membranes.
