Digestion & Enzymes Flashcards
What chemical digestion happens in the mouth?
breakdown of starch to maltose begins
What mechanical digestion happens in the mouth?
food chewed by teeth
food mixed with saliva
increased surface area moistens food
What are the 2 types of small intestine?
duodenum
ilium
What are the 2 types of large intestine?
colon
rectum
What digestion happens in stomach?
chemical
initial digestion of protein
What substrate does the enzyme lipase break down?
lipids to fatty acids & glycerol
What substrate does the enzyme amalayse break down?
starch to maltose/glucose
What substrate does the enzyme protease break down?
proteins to amino acids/peptides
What are the types of protease?
pepsin/trypsin/peptidases
What substrate does the enzyme maltase break down?
maltose to glucose
What substrate does the enzyme peptidase break down?
peptides to amino acids
What are the types of carbohydrases?
salivary amylase
pancreatic amylase
maltase
Where is lipase produced and used?
produced in pancreas
used in duodenum
Where is peptidase produced and used?
produced in stomach & pancreas
used in small intestine
Where is trypsin produced and used?
produced in pancreas
used in small intestine
Where is pepsin produced and used?
produced & used in stomach
Where is maltase produced and used?
produced & used in small intestine
Where is pancreatic amylase produced and used?
produced in pancreas
used in small intestine
Where is salivary produced and used?
produced in salivary glands
used in mouth
What does bile do?
contains alkali to neutralise stomach acid
Where is bile produced & stored?
produced in liver
stored in gall bladder
What are enzymes?
biological catalysts
How do enzymes rely on temperature?
if too high or low they will denature - active site is changed so substrate no longer fits
optimum - best
How do enzymes rely on pH?
some work better in acid (e.g. pepsin in stomach)
some work better in alkali
most work best in neutral
