Digestion and Nutrition Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the seven things key to a balanced diet?

A

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Vitamins, Minerals, Fibre and Water.

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2
Q

What does fibre do?

A

Helps keep your digestive system working and prevents constipation.

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3
Q

When are you considered obese?

A

When you weigh 20% or more than the recommended weight for your height.

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4
Q

What is scurvy?

A

A disease that causes issues in your connective tissues from the lack of vitamin C.

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5
Q

What are the effects of starvation?

A

Slow growth in children, being more likely to get infections and irregular periods in women.

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6
Q

For every kg of body mass how much energy do you need?

A

5.4 kJ

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7
Q

What does BER stand for?

A

Basic energy requirement

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8
Q

How do you calculate daily BER?

A

5.4 x 24 hrs x body mass (kg)

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9
Q

The lack of what causes anaemia?

A

Iron.

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10
Q

What are the symptoms of anaemia?

A

Tiredness, lethargy, shortness of breath, noticeable heart beats and pale skin. There are many other less common symptoms such as hair loss and a sore tongue.

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11
Q

What determines your energy needs?

A

How active you are, how old you are and your biological sex.

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12
Q

What is the average amount of energy a man must eat a day?

A

10,500 kJ

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13
Q

What is the average amount of energy a woman must eat a day?

A

8400 kJ

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14
Q

What is kwashiorkor?

A

A severe protein deficiency in which the body can’t grow and repair tissues and the immune system becomes weak.

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15
Q

What are the effects of kwashiorkor?

A

Stunted growth and a swollen belly.

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16
Q

What reagent should you use to test for starch?

A

Iodine.

17
Q

What colour will the solution turn if starch is present?

A

Blue-black

18
Q

What reagent should you use to test for protein?

A

Beirut solution.

19
Q

What colour will the solution turn if protein is present?

A

Purple or mauve

20
Q

What reagent should you use to test for lipids?

A

Sudan III.

21
Q

What will happen to the solution if lipids are present?

A

A red-stained oil layer will float on the surface.

22
Q

What is another method for testing for lipids?

A

Add ethanol and then the solution must be added to water. Then, shake the solution and if it turns cloudy, lipids are present.

23
Q

What reagent should you use to test for sugar?

A

Benedict’s reagent, then heat the solution for two minutes.

24
Q

What colour will the solution turn if sugars are present?

A

Green, red or yellow, depending on the concentration.

25
Q

What is the role of the mouth in digestion?

A

Responsible for mechanically breaking down food as well as releasing enzymes stored in the saliva.

26
Q

What is the role of the oesophagus in digestion?

A

Transporting food from mouth to stomach.

27
Q

What is the role of the stomach in digestion?

A

Churning the food, secreting acid that can kill pathogens (harmful bacteria) and releasing more enzymes.

28
Q

What is the role of the small intestine in digestion?

A

Absorption of the food happens where it can then be transported into the blood system and around the body.

29
Q

What is the role of the large intestine?

A

This is where water absorption happens.

30
Q

What is the role of the rectum in digestion?

A

It is where the waste material is stored.

31
Q

What is the role of bacteria in the digestive system?

A

Making sure that harmful bacteria do not grow well there, making an enzyme that breaks down certain carbohydrates found in the cell wall of plants, removing or digesting some materials that may make you feel ill or unwell.

32
Q

What is the product of photosynthesis?

A

Glucose.

33
Q

How do plants get their food?

A

They get their minerals from the soil, when they are absorbed through their roots; they get their water in the same way, absorbing it from the soil using their roots and they get the other nutrients (e.g. carbohydrates) from photosynthesis.