Cells, Tissues and Organs

Question 1

What are the names of the main parts of a microscope?

Answer 1

Eyepiece Lens, Body Tube, High and Low Power Objective Lens, Stage, Mirror, Rough Focusing Knob, Fine Focusing Knob and Handle.

Question 2

How do you make it easier for cells to be seen through a microscope?

Answer 2

You stain them (with a dye).

Question 3

What is the equation for magnification?

Answer 3

Magnification = image size / actual size

Question 4

What is the nucleus?

Answer 4

It controls what the cell does.

Question 5

What is cytoplasm?

Answer 5

A jelly-like fluid in which most chemical reactions happen.

Question 6

What is the cell membrane?

Answer 6

The thin skin around the cell which holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out.

Question 7

What are mitochondria?

Answer 7

Tiny structures where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration takes place.

Question 8

What does respiration do?

Answer 8

Releases energy for the cell.

Question 9

What is the cell wall?

Answer 9

A rigid outer coating made of cellulose which gives support to the cell.

Question 10

What is a vacuole?

Answer 10

It is filled with cell sap, a weak solution of sugars and salts.

Question 11

What are chloroplasts?

Answer 11

They contain chlorophyll used for photosynthesis.

Question 12

What structures do both animal and plant cells have?

Answer 12

A nucleus, cytoplasm, a cell membrane and mitochondria.

Question 13

What are unicellular organisms?

Answer 13

Organisms made up of only one cell.

Question 14

What is a flagellum?

Answer 14

A tail-like structure which spins in a corkscrew motion, propelling the organism forward to swim.

Question 15

Give an example of an organism that has a flagellum.

Answer 15

An euglena.

Question 16

What is a contractile vacuole?

Answer 16

It collects any excess water inside the organism and squeezes it out of the cell membrane.

Question 17

What is pseudopodia?

Answer 17

Finger-like projections nicknamed ‘false feet’ which help the organism move around as well as catch and transport food.

Question 18

What do a group of similar cells make?

Answer 18

A tissue.

Question 19

What do a group of different tissues make?

Answer 19

An organ.

Question 20

What do a group of organs make?

Answer 20

An organ system.

Question 21

What do cells need to survive?

Answer 21

Glucose and oxygen.

Question 22

What is diffusion?

Answer 22

When a substance moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 23

What factors affect diffusion?

Answer 23

Concentration gradient, temperature and membrane surface area.

Question 24

What do chloroplasts do?

Answer 24

They capture sunlight using a process called photosynthesis and use that energy to make glucose.

Question 25

What is another name for a vacuole?

Answer 25

A storage organelle.

Question 26

What is an example of a plant organ?

Answer 26

Leaves, stems and reproductive structures.

Question 27

What are stomata?

Answer 27

Gaps that facilitate (make easier) for the diffusion of gases in and out of the leaf.

Question 28

Where are the stomata found?

Answer 28

In the lower epidermis.

Question 29

How do stomata open and close?

Answer 29

By the guard cells that flank them.

Question 30

What is palisade mesophyll and what does it do?

Answer 30

It is a row of cells located in the upper epidermis and has calls packed with chlorophyll as the upper epidermis is exposed to sunlight.

Question 31

Why is palisade mesophyll located in the upper epidermis?

Answer 31

To maximise energy transfer in photosynthesis.

Question 32

What is spongy mesophyll and what does it do?

Answer 32

It contains many air spaces which help with diffusion through the leaf.

Question 33

What is an example of a tissue?

Answer 33

Epidermal tissue

Question 34

What does epidermal tissue do?

Answer 34

It lines the outer surface of organs and blood vessels.

Question 35

What tissues does the stomach have?

Answer 35

Glandular tissue, Epidermal tissue and Muscular tissue

Question 36

What does selectively permeable mean?

Answer 36

It can control substances moving in and out of the cell.

Question 37

What does the nucleus contain?

Answer 37

The cell’s chromosomes or DNA.

Question 38

What are ribosomes?

Answer 38

They make proteins.

Question 39

What is cell differentiation?

Answer 39

The process during which young, immature (unspecialized) cells take on individual characteristics and reach their mature (specialized) form and function.

Question 40

What are the different parts involved in the gas exchange system?

Answer 40

Trachea, Bronchus, Bronchioles, Left and Right lungs, Alveoli and Diaphragm

Question 41

What happens to the diaphragm when your lungs inspire?

Answer 41

It contracts and moves down.

Question 42

What happens to the ribs when your lungs expire?

Answer 42

They move down and in.

Question 43

What happens to the volume of the chest when your lungs expire?

Answer 43

It decreases.

Question 44

What happens to the pressure in your lungs when you inspire?

Answer 44

The pressure falls below that of outside air.

Question 45

What does a painkiller do?

Answer 45

Used to reduce symptoms of pain.

Question 46

What is a depressant?

Answer 46

Used to slow down your reaction time and lower activity in the brain.

Question 47

What is a stimulant?

Answer 47

Used to improve reaction time and increase activity in the brain.

Question 48

What is a hallucinogen?

Answer 48

Used to change what you think you hear as well as see.

Question 49

What is a performance enhancer?

Answer 49

Used to improve fat loss and muscle development.