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Science > Cells, Tissues and Organs > Flashcards

Cells, Tissues and Organs Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the names of the main parts of a microscope?

A

Eyepiece Lens, Body Tube, High and Low Power Objective Lens, Stage, Mirror, Rough Focusing Knob, Fine Focusing Knob and Handle.

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2
Q

How do you make it easier for cells to be seen through a microscope?

A

You stain them (with a dye).

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3
Q

What is the equation for magnification?

A

Magnification = image size / actual size

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4
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

It controls what the cell does.

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5
Q

What is cytoplasm?

A

A jelly-like fluid in which most chemical reactions happen.

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6
Q

What is the cell membrane?

A

The thin skin around the cell which holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out.

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7
Q

What are mitochondria?

A

Tiny structures where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration takes place.

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8
Q

What does respiration do?

A

Releases energy for the cell.

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9
Q

What is the cell wall?

A

A rigid outer coating made of cellulose which gives support to the cell.

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10
Q

What is a vacuole?

A

It is filled with cell sap, a weak solution of sugars and salts.

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11
Q

What are chloroplasts?

A

They contain chlorophyll used for photosynthesis.

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12
Q

What structures do both animal and plant cells have?

A

A nucleus, cytoplasm, a cell membrane and mitochondria.

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13
Q

What are unicellular organisms?

A

Organisms made up of only one cell.

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14
Q

What is a flagellum?

A

A tail-like structure which spins in a corkscrew motion, propelling the organism forward to swim.

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15
Q

Give an example of an organism that has a flagellum.

A

An euglena.

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16
Q

What is a contractile vacuole?

A

It collects any excess water inside the organism and squeezes it out of the cell membrane.

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17
Q

What is pseudopodia?

A

Finger-like projections nicknamed ‘false feet’ which help the organism move around as well as catch and transport food.

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18
Q

What do a group of similar cells make?

A

A tissue.

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19
Q

What do a group of different tissues make?

A

An organ.

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20
Q

What do a group of organs make?

A

An organ system.

21
Q

What do cells need to survive?

A

Glucose and oxygen.

22
Q

What is diffusion?

A

When a substance moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

23
Q

What factors affect diffusion?

A

Concentration gradient, temperature and membrane surface area.

24
Q

What do chloroplasts do?

A

They capture sunlight using a process called photosynthesis and use that energy to make glucose.

25
Q

What is another name for a vacuole?

A

A storage organelle.

26
Q

What is an example of a plant organ?

A

Leaves, stems and reproductive structures.

27
Q

What are stomata?

A

Gaps that facilitate (make easier) for the diffusion of gases in and out of the leaf.

28
Q

Where are the stomata found?

A

In the lower epidermis.

29
Q

How do stomata open and close?

A

By the guard cells that flank them.

30
Q

What is palisade mesophyll and what does it do?

A

It is a row of cells located in the upper epidermis and has calls packed with chlorophyll as the upper epidermis is exposed to sunlight.

31
Q

Why is palisade mesophyll located in the upper epidermis?

A

To maximise energy transfer in photosynthesis.

32
Q

What is spongy mesophyll and what does it do?

A

It contains many air spaces which help with diffusion through the leaf.

33
Q

What is an example of a tissue?

A

Epidermal tissue

34
Q

What does epidermal tissue do?

A

It lines the outer surface of organs and blood vessels.

35
Q

What tissues does the stomach have?

A

Glandular tissue, Epidermal tissue and Muscular tissue

36
Q

What does selectively permeable mean?

A

It can control substances moving in and out of the cell.

37
Q

What does the nucleus contain?

A

The cell’s chromosomes or DNA.

38
Q

What are ribosomes?

A

They make proteins.

39
Q

What is cell differentiation?

A

The process during which young, immature (unspecialized) cells take on individual characteristics and reach their mature (specialized) form and function.

40
Q

What are the different parts involved in the gas exchange system?

A

Trachea, Bronchus, Bronchioles, Left and Right lungs, Alveoli and Diaphragm

41
Q

What happens to the diaphragm when your lungs inspire?

A

It contracts and moves down.

42
Q

What happens to the ribs when your lungs expire?

A

They move down and in.

43
Q

What happens to the volume of the chest when your lungs expire?

A

It decreases.

44
Q

What happens to the pressure in your lungs when you inspire?

A

The pressure falls below that of outside air.

45
Q

What does a painkiller do?

A

Used to reduce symptoms of pain.

46
Q

What is a depressant?

A

Used to slow down your reaction time and lower activity in the brain.

47
Q

What is a stimulant?

A

Used to improve reaction time and increase activity in the brain.

48
Q

What is a hallucinogen?

A

Used to change what you think you hear as well as see.

49
Q

What is a performance enhancer?

A

Used to improve fat loss and muscle development.

Science (19 decks)

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