Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science > Biological Systems and Processes > Flashcards

Biological Systems and Processes Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is respiration?

A

A chemical reaction that takes place in cells which releases energy in the form of glucose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the equation for aerobic respiration?

A

Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water (+ Energy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When does anaerobic respiration take place?

A

When the body can’t get enough oxygen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in humans?

A

Glucose → Lactic Acid (+ Energy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast?

A

Glucose → Carbon Dioxide and Ethanol (+ Energy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is fermentation?

A

The process in which ethanol is produced to make substances such as beer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some of the roles played by muscles in humans?

A

Locomotion (movement) of the body, Release and movement of liquids and digested food and Directing of the blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why do muscles need antagonistic pairs?

A

Because they are only able to contract and relax.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Give an example of an antagonistic muscle pair.

A

The triceps and biceps, the hamstrings and quadriceps etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are some of the uses of the skeleton?

A

It supports the organism, protects the organs, it is attached to muscles which allow the body to move and it makes blood cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the outer layer of a bone made of?

A

Really strong and hard tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the inner layer of a bone made of?

A

Spongy tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What part of the bone produces blood cells?

A

Bone marrow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the difference between ligaments and tendons?

A

A tendon serves to move the bone or structure. A ligament is a fibrous connective tissue which attaches bone to bone, and usually serves to hold structures together and keep them stable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a pivot?

A

A point in which a rotation happens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is it called when a force acts on something that has a pivot?

A

A ‘turning effect’ happens known as a moment.

17
Q

What is the equation to calculate the size of a moment?

A

Moment = force x perpendicular distance

18
Q

How does deoxygenated blood arrive at the lungs?

A

Via the pulmonary artery.

19
Q

How does oxygenated blood return to the heart?

A

Via the pulmonary vein.

20
Q

What adaptations do exchange surface areas have to maximise the efficiency of gas exchange?

A

A thin membrane, a large surface area, goblet and cilia cells which trap particles in mucus, ventilation and a good blood supply.

21
Q

Why do you continue to breathe heavily after exercise?

A

Because the lactic acid you have built up during exercise needs oxygen to be broken down. You are repaying your oxygen debt.

22
Q

What diseases can smoking cause?

A

Cancers, Emphysema, Bronchitis and Heart diseases and strokes.

23
Q

What is the disease that damages cilia in the airways, leading to a buildup of mucus?

A

Bronchitis.

24
Q

What is the disease that damages the alveoli’ surface area for gas exchange?

A

Emphysema.

25
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid.

26
Q

What is the genome?

A

The entire genetic material of an organism.

27
Q

What is DNA made up of?

A

Two polymer strands which form a double helix in a twisted ladder shape.

28
Q

What is a gene and what does it do?

A

A small section of DNA which codes for a sequence of amino acids which combine to give a specific protein.

29
Q

What are chromosomes?

A

Long strands of DNA.

30
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

A

23 pairs, one of each pair coming from each parent.

31
Q

What are alleles?

A

Different forms of the same gene.

32
Q

What are the two different types of alleles?

A

Dominant and Recessive

33
Q

What is a characteristic of the dominant allele?

A

The dominant allele will always be expressed even if the other allele is not the same, it is represented as a capital letter.

34
Q

What is a genotype?

A

It refers to the combination of alleles an organism has.

35
Q

What is it called when two alleles are different?

A

Heterozygous.

36
Q

What is it called when two alleles are the same?

A

Homozygous.

37
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

An observed characteristic of an individual.

38
Q

How is a phenotype determined?

A

By the interaction between the environment and genotype.

39
Q

What can we use to calculate the ratio of offspring phenotypes?

A

Punnett Squares.

Science (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions