Digestion And Excretory Flashcards
Cells use nutrients from food for what?
energy, growth, maintenance, and repair.
What breaks down food into nutrients that can be used as building materials that provide energy for cells?
The digestion system.
What digestion is the breaking, crushing, and mashing of food?
Mechanical
What digestion occurs when large molecules of food are broken down so that they can pass through the bloodstream?
Chemical
What is a chemical that breaks down large molecules into smaller molecules.
Enzyme
Where does mechanical and chemical digestion first begin?
The mouth.
Food moves through the throat into a long tube called the what?
Esophagus.
Muscle contractions called what move the food to the stomach?
Peristalsis.
What is a muscular bag that crushes food and contains acids and enzymes for killing bacteria and breaking down proteins?
The stomach.
What is the mushy mix of food that passes from the stomach to the small intestines?
Chyme.
What is a muscular tube where most chemical digestion takes place and most nutrients are absorbed?
The small intestine.
In the what, water and nutrients are absorbed, leaving waste?
The large intestine.
What makes fluids that break down proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and nucleic acids?
The pancreas.
What makes and releases a mixture called bile that is stored in the gall bladder?
The liver.
What does the liver release of mixture?
Bile.
What breaks up large fat droplets?
Bile.
The walls of the what have many folds that increase the surface area, allowing more room for nutrients to be absorbed?
The small intestine.
Each fold has what, which are covered with what, that absorb more nutrients?
Villi and Microvilli.
The large intestine removes what, and absorbs what, and turns food into what?
Water, nutrients, and feces.
They what is the end of the large intestine that stores feces until they can be expelled by the anus?
Rectum.
The excretory system eliminates cellular wastes from the body through the what?
Lungs, skin, kidney, and digestion system.
What are released through the skin as you sweat?
Excess salt.
The lungs release what as you exhale?
Water and carbon dioxide.
The kidneys and the digestive system remove what?
Cellular waste.
What is one of a pair of organs that remove waste from the blood?
A kidney.
What are structures in the kidneys where fluid is filtered from the blood?
Nephrons.
Water and wastes filtered from the blood form a liquid called what?
Urine.
Urine travels from the kidneys, through the what, to the what?
Ureters and bladder.
Urine exits the bladder through a tube called the what?
Urethra.
How does the urinary system maintain homeostasis?
Cells need a certain level of salt and water to maintain homeostasis.
Chemical messengers called hormones signal the kidneys to filter more or less water and salt as needed.
