Digestion

Question 1

Small intestine function

Answer 1

Absorb

Question 2

Large intestine function

Answer 2

Waste

Question 3

Where are the salivary glands

Answer 3

Below ear and tongue

Question 4

Saliva enzyme

Answer 4

Amylase

Shorter long chain polysaccharides

Question 5

Tongue attaches to

Answer 5

Hyoid bone and mandible

Question 6

Number of teeth in mouth

Answer 6

32

Question 7

What are the two valves in stomach

Answer 7

Pyloric and cardiac sphincter

Question 8

Gastric juice contains

Answer 8

Hydrolonic acid
Rennin
Pepsin

Question 9

Pepsin role

Answer 9

Proteins to poly peptides

Question 10

Number of amino acids

Answer 10

20

Question 11

Breakdown of protein process

Answer 11

Stomach ; Pepsin breaks protein to poly peptides I

Small intestine : pancreatic enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin, break the large polypeptides into smaller chains.

• Finally, still in the small intestine, enzymes from the intestine, including aminopeptidase, breaks up the small polypeptides into individual amino acids ready for absorption.

Question 12

Breakdown of fats process

Answer 12

Fats are classified into saturated, monounsaturated or polyunsaturated categories.

to be used by the body, fats must be broken down to fatty acids and glycerol.

Fats are broken down in the body by the following processes:

• In the small intestine, fats are emulsified by bile salts from the liver (i.e. turned into liquid form and carried in another liquid- bile)
• In the small intestine, lipase from the pancreas breaks down emulsified fats into fatty acids and glycerol ready for absorption.

Question 13

Breakdown of carbohydrates

Answer 13

y.
Carbohydrates are broken down in the body by the following processes:
• In the mouth salivary amylase begins the breakdown of polysaccharides
• In the small intestine, intestinal amylase breaks down polysaccharides to disaccharides
• In the small intestine, maltase, lactase and sucrase convert disaccharides to monosaccharides ready for absorption.

Question 14

Small intestine

Answer 14

• The duodenum
• The jejunum
• The ileum

Question 15

The small intestine has walls which have

Answer 15

Vessels
Lymph vessels
Nerves
Villi

Question 16

How does digestion and absorption take place in the small intestine?

Answer 16

1 Peristaltic movements mix food with intestinal and pancreatic juices as well as bile. The
movements push the food against the villi.

Intestinal juices are composed of enzymes:
• Maltase, sucrase and lactase which split disaccharides into monosaccharides
• Enterokinase which activates trypsin in pancreatic juices
• Peptidases which split polypeptides into amino acids

Question 17

What’s a lacteal

Answer 17

Lymphatic capillary

Question 18

How do nutrients enter the liver

Answer 18

Hepatic portal vein

Question 19

Length of small intestine

Answer 19

8-10m

Question 20

Length of large intestine

Answer 20

1.5m

Question 21

Liver converts

Answer 21

• Stored (saturated) fat into other fat products (like cholesterol)
• Glycogen to glucose, when energy is needed
• Glucose back to glycogen, in presence of insulin
• Metabolises protein

Question 22

Pancreatic juices contain

Answer 22

Pancreatic juices contain:
• Lipase (fat digestion)
• Amylase (starch digestion)
• Trypsin (protein digestion)

Question 23

Cause of ulcer

Answer 23

Bacterium helicobacter pylori secretes enzyme which damages stomach mucus

Question 24

Functions of liver

Answer 24

Make bile 
Non focus urea from waste modifies products of digestion 
Makes plasma protein 
Makes blood clotting enzyme 
Detoxifies poison