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FON > Digestion > Flashcards

Digestion Flashcards

1
Q

Mechanical digestion

A

Muscles

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2
Q

Appetite vs hunger

A

Hunger- physiological drive for food stimulated by hypothalamus.
Appetite-psychological desire to consume specific foods.

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3
Q

Cephalon phase of digestion

A

Earliest phase of digestion in which the brain this about & prepares the digestive organs for food.

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4
Q

Function of mouth in digestive tract

A

Ingestion - food enters gi tract is mouth
Mechanical- mastication tears,shreds, and mixes food with saliva
Chemical-salivary amylase begins with carb breakdown

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5
Q

Esophagus function in digestive tract

A

Propulsion-swallowing & peristalsis move food from mouth to stomach. No digestion here.

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6
Q

Stomach functions in the digestive tract

A

Mechanical-mixes and churns food with gastric juice into chyme
Chemical digestion-pepsin begins digestion of proteins and gastric lipase breaks lipids
Absorption- a few fat soluble substances are absorbed through stomach wall.

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7
Q

3 parts of small intestine

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

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8
Q

3 parts of large intestine

A

Ascending
Transverse
Descending

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9
Q

Salivary glands

A

Where: under jaw and behind tongue
Product:saliva

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10
Q

Pancreas

A 
Where:Gland behind stomach 
Product: 
3 digestive enzymes 
1) pancreatic amylase- digests carbs
2)pancreatic lipase- digests fats 
3)protease- digests proteins

Bicarbonate- secreted to neutralize chyme

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11
Q

Liver

A

Where: above stomach
Product: bile (600-1000mm/day)

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12
Q

Gallbladder

A

Where:right below liver
Job: stores bile

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13
Q

Bile

A

Mixes fat and water. Think of salad dressing. Separates unless they add emulsifier is added to keep it mixed

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14
Q

Hormones involved in digestion

A

Gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin (cck), gastric inhibitory peptide

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15
Q

Gastric

A

Production site- stomach

Target organ- stomach- stimulates secretion of hcl and pepsinogen (inactive pepsin) and stimulates gastric motility

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16
Q

Secretin

A

Production site small intestine
Target organ
pancreas- stimulates secretion of Pancreatic bicarbonate
Stomach- decrease gastric motility

17
Q

CCK

A

Production site small intestine (dudenum & jejunum)
Target organ
pancreas- stimulates secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes
gallbladder- stimulates gallbladder contraction
Stomach- slows gastric emptying

18
Q

Gastric inhibitory peptide

A

Production site: small intestine
Target organ:
Stomach- inhibits gastric acid secretion & slows gastric emptying
Pancreas- stimulates insulin release

19
Q

Villi

A

Fold in the lining of the mucosal membrane that are in close contact with nutrient molecules

20
Q

Enteroyte

A

Absorptive cells in the villi

21
Q

Microvilli

A

Cells on the surface of the villi, enterocytes, end in hairlike projections called microvilli. Form brush border where nutrients are absorbed

22
Q

Passive diffusion

A

Nutrients pass through the enterocytes and into the blood stream WITHOUT use of ATP or carrier protein.
Ex: fats,h2o, some vitamins and minerals

23
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Requires a carrier protein to transport protein

Ex: simple sugars (fructose)

24
Q

Active transportation

A

Requires ATP and carrier protein to transport nutrients

Ex: glucose, galactose, potassium, magnesium, vitamin c , calcium, some aminos, iron.

25
Q

Endocytosis

A

Active transport in which small amount of intestinal contents is engulfed by the cell membrane.
Ex: some proteins, and other large particles ( breast milk)

26
Q

Heart burn

A

Hydrochloride acid in the esophagus leads to excess HCL making it too acidic.

27
Q

IBS

A

Associated with stress, caffeine, chocolates, etc.

Symptoms include abdominal cramping, bloating, constipation and diarrhea

28
Q

Chemical digestion

A

Enzymes

FON (5 decks)

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