Digestion Flashcards
What is the three main food groups that provides the body with energy?
Carbohydrate (sugars, starches), protein (meat, tofu), fats (lipids, oil)
Monosaccharide
A single sugar molecule that makes it easy for digestion and to be absorbed into blood. (ex. glucose, fructose)
Disaccharide
A sugar molecule that needs to be broken into two monosaccharides for digestion and to be absorbed into blood. (ex. sucrose, lactose)
Polysaccharide
A sugar molecule that needs to be broken into three or more monosaccharides for digestion an to be absorbed into blood. (ex. starches)
What type of food is saccharides found in?
Sugars (glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose) and starches
What food group does saccharides belong to?
Carbohydrates
What is the importance of glucose, starch, and cellulose (fiber) to the human body?
.-Cellulose helps the movement through the intestines since it can not be broken down which means it is a proper need for digestion.
- The importance of starch is to break down into glucose to provide energy to the body.
- Glucose provides energy to brain and cells through out the body. The energy for the cells helps the cells carry out nerve cell conduction, muscle cell contraction, active transport and the production of chemical substances.
What is the ending letters of sugars?
ose
What is the alternative name of fat?
Lipids
Why could a fat also be called triglyceride?
Fat could be called a triglyceride because that is one of the molecules of fat.
Diglyceride
A fat molecule (glycerol) that needs to be broken into two monoglycerides (fatty acids) for digestion. (ex. partially digested fat)
Monoglyceride
A fat molecule (glycerol) that is easy to be digested as fatty acid. (ex. partially digested fat)
What is the functions of fat in the human body?
.Fat is backup energy for when the body runs out of carbohydrates. Fat is used to absorb and store some types of vitamins. Stored fat cells in adipose tissue insulates body temperature to sustain normal core body temperature. Other stored fats surround vital organs and keep them protected from sudden movements or outside impacts.
Explain how an enzyme works using terms: active site, substrate, enzyme-substrate complex, end products.
When an enzyme goes to break down a substrate using the active site, they stay together for a brief period of time. During this period of time the enzyme and the substrate would be an enzyme-substrate complex. After this a catabolic reaction occurs to the substrate. The end product is the broken down substrate. The enzyme is unchanged in reaction called a catalyst and this continues. ex) Using scissors as a metaphor of an enzyme and paper as a substrate. The active site would be the blades. The enzyme-substrate complex is the scissors about to cut the paper. The two pieces of paper is the end product.
Definition of ANABOLIC (reaction).
Small to big
Definition of CATABOLIC (reaction).
Big to small
What is the function of digestion?
The function of digestion is turning food into energy needed to survive and packaging the residue for waste disposal.
How does digestion tie to the function of the circulatory system in delivering nutrients to the cells of the body?
The circulatory system needs the digestive system to get nutrients into the blood for circulation.
What vitamins and minerals function as in enzymatic reactions?
Vitamins can function as a extra part for a enzyme if needed called a co-enzyme. This would then allow an enzyme to continue reactions.
Definition of MEGADOSING
A dose larger than normally mostly with vitamins and drugs
Why is it safe to megadose with some vitamins, but is potentially lethal with others?
Some vitamins it doesn’t matter how much you take because what’s in it. Other vitamins have items in it that can be lethal with too much intake. Your body can’t handle lots of vitamin with specific ingredients.
What is the purpose of digestion and digestive system?
The purpose of digestion is to breakdown food into nurtients. The digestive system takes broken down foods nutrients and deliever the nutrients to the blood through out the bloodstream.
Alternative names from structures of the human digestive system.
Large intestine = colon
Small intestine = ilieum/jejunum
Throat = esophagus
Structures of the human digestive system. Name 10
Top to bottom: salivary glands (a), pharynx (b), epiglottis(c), trachea (e), esophagus (d), cardiac sphincter (f), liver(j), stomach (g), gall bladder (k), pyloric sphincter (h), common bile duct (i), pancreatic duct (m), pancreas (n), duodenum (l), transverse colon (o), ascending colon (r), jejunum (p), descending colon (s), ileum (q), sigmoid colon (t), anal sphincters (w), rectum (u), anus (x).
