Digestion Flashcards
What is digestion?
Food broken down from insoluble pieces to soluble pieces
What is ingestion?
Food taken into the mouth
What is absorption?1
Soluble substances that are absorbed into the blood stream
What is assimilation?
Soluble products taken into the cells and used
What is egestion?
Removal of waste out the anus
What are enzymes?
Speeds up chemical reaction without being used up
What is amylase?
Breaks down starch to glucose
What is protease?
Breaks down protein into amino acids
What is lipase?
Breaks down fat into fatty acids and glycerol
What happens in the mouth?
Digestion begins
What happens in the oesophagus?
Food is pushed along this tube to the stomach
What is peristalsis?
Muscular contraction and relaxation moving the food through the digestive system
What happens in the stomach?
Food is mechanically digested by the constant muscle contractions
What does hydrochloride acid do?
Maintains the correct pH for the protease enzyme to work and kills any bacteria
What is the first part of the small intestine called?
Duodenum
What is made in your liver?
Bile
What is the gall bladder?
Where bile is stored after it is made in the liver
What does bile do?
Breaks oil droplets into an emulsion
What is emulsion?
Formed when fat is broken down into droplets which increases the surface area allowing the enzymes to function
What is the pancreas?
Contains protease, amylase, lipase
What is the ileum?
Where digestion is completed
What is absorption?2
The movement of digested food molecules from the intestine to the blood
What are villi?
Finger like projections which increase the surface area for absorption
What are micro villi?
Surrounds villi to increase the surface area further
What is the wall like?
Very thin
What is left in the large intestine?
A wet mixture of indigested fibre, bacteria and dead cells
What is reabsorption?
In the large intestine water is re absorbed back in the blood
What does indigested food need?
Fibre to help it move smoothly along the large intestine
What is the remaining called?
Faeces
Where is the faeces stored?
The rectum
What is egestion?
The removal of undigested material from the the body through the anus
What is excretion?
The removal of toxic metabolic waste substances produced through chemical reactions in the body
