digestion

Question 1

what happens in the mouth

Answer 1

fat: no digestion in the mouth but some hard fats start to melt

protein: no digestion, just crushing and softening with the mixing of saliva

Carbs: digestion begins in the mouth. salivatory glands secrete water and release fluids that moistens food. amylase begins digestion by splitting starch into smaller polysaccharides and maltose

Question 2

what happens in the stomach

Answer 2

fat: churning actions mixes fat with stomach acid, lipase breaks down small amounts of fat

protein: acid works to denature protein strands and activate stomach enzymes. pepsin breaks protein strands into dipeptides, tripeptides, and polypeptides.

carbs: N/A- This part happens in the Pancreas for carbs. the pancreas produces the enzymes that split polysaccharides into disaccharides

Question 3

what happens in the liver

Answer 3

fat: makes bile, stored in gallbladder and then released into the small intestine

Protein: N/A

carb: regulates the amount of glucose circulating in the blood in response to hormones insulin and glucagon

Question 4

small intestine

Answer 4

fat: bile released here and emulsifies fat with digestive juices

protein: fragments of protein are split into free amino acids, dipeptides, and tripeptides, with the help of proteases. Peptidases on the surface of the small intestine break these peptides into AAs and they are absorbed through the microvilli of SI-> blood

carbs: enzymes on the surface of cells break disaccharides into monosaccharides. absorption takes place here

Question 5

large intestine

Answer 5

fat: N/A this is the Pancreases’ step. The pancreas produces pancreatic lipase which enters the small intestine where the majority of ft digestion happens

protein: carries only undigested protein residue out of the body, this is not an often occurrence

carbs: most fiber passes intact through the digestive track through large intestine and is eventually excreted with the feces. some fiber is digested by bacteria in the large intestine

Question 6

where is alcohol absorbed digested in the body

Answer 6

20% in stomach
80% in liver

Question 7

how much alcohol can the liver process per hour

Answer 7

1/2 ounce per hour

Question 8

how is alcohol absorbed and digested

Answer 8

The primary absorption site is the upper small intestine. Alcohol is absorbed in the small intestine, moves through the portal vein into the liver where it is metabolized.

The alcohol in the liver turns to acetylaldehyde + H2O through alcohol dehydrogenase, then turns to acetone, then finishes as CO2 + H2O. the end product is pretty harmless, but the road to getting from start to end is harmful.

Until it has been metabolized in the liver, the alcohol circulates throughout the body affecting the brain and other tissues.