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BMS 101 > Digestion > Flashcards

Digestion Flashcards

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1
Q

Functions of the digestive system

A

Ingestion
Digestion
Propulsion
Secretion
Absorption
Elimination of wastes

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2
Q

two categories of organs in the digestive system

A

digestive
accessory digestive organs

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3
Q

Digestive organs

A

collectively make up the gastrointestinal tract
oesophagus, stomach, small and large intestines

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4
Q

Accessory digestive organs

A

organs that secrete into the GI tract
teeth, tongue, salivary glands (parotid, sublingual, submandibular), liver, gallbladder, pancreas

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5
Q

oral cavity contains

A

cheeks, lips, palate
tongue
salivary glands (parotid, sublingual, submandibular)
teeth

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6
Q

main cheek muscle

A

Buccinator

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7
Q

gums name

A

gingivae

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8
Q

internal upper and lower lips attach to gingivae

A

midline mucosa fold; labial frenulum

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9
Q

name the apex of the soft palate

A

Uvula

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10
Q

opening of the oral cavity and oropharynx

A

fauces (throat)

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11
Q

lateral boundary of the fauces

A

paired muscular folds
palatoglossal arch
palatopharyngeal arch

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12
Q

function of the tongue

A

manipulate and mix ingested materials during mastication. compresses the partially digested materials into a bolus

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13
Q

Bolus

A

globular mass of ingested materials that can be easily swallowed

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14
Q

attaches the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity

A

thin, midline mucous membrane; lingual frenulum

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15
Q

Gustation

A

sense of taste

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16
Q

taste receptors

A

gustatory cells; housed in specialised organs called taste buds

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17
Q

taste bud location

A

dorsal surface of the tongue, in elevated epithelial and CT called Papillae

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18
Q

4 types of tongue papillae

A

Filiform Papillae
Fungiform Papillae
Vallate Papillae
Foliate Papillae

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19
Q

purposes of saliva

A

moisten ingested material (becomes slick bolus)
moisten, cleanses, and lubricates the structures of the oral cavity
chemical digestion of ingested materials
antibacterial action
dissolves materials so that taste receptors on the tongue can be stimulated

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20
Q

three pairs of salivary glands located external oral cavity

A

Parotid glands
sublingual glands
submandibular glands

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21
Q

Parotid duct

A

25-30% saliva
largest salivary gland
runs parallel to the zygomatic arch and pierces the buccinator muscle just opposite the second molar
produces the most amylase

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22
Q

sublingual duct

A

3-5% saliva
inferior to the tongue
each gland extends multiple tiny sublingual ducts that open onto the inferior surface of the oral cavity just to the submandibular duct papilla

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23
Q

submandibular duct

A

60-70% saliva
resides inferior to the body of the mandible
transports saliva from each gland through a papilla in the floor of the mouth on the lateral sides of the lingual frenulum
mucin thickener

24
Q

two types of secretory cells in salivary glands

A

mucous cells: secretes mucin, which forms mucus upon hydration
Serous cells: secrete watery fluid containing ions, lysozymes and salivary amylase

25
Q

5 types of secretory cells of the gastric epithelium

A

Surface mucous cells
Mucous neck cells
Parietal cells
Chief cells
Enteroendocrine cells

26
Q

What do Surface Mucous cells secrete

A

Mucin and create mucus

27
Q

What do Mucous neck cells secrete

A

create acid mucin

28
Q

What do Parietal cells secrete

A

Release HCl (absorb Vit B12)

29
Q

What do Chief cells secrete

A

Release Pepsinogen

30
Q

What do Enteroendocrine cells secrete

A

release hormone Gastrine into the blood cells around

31
Q

Fill in the words: Along and at the base of the gastric___are the openings of gastric___that secrete products into the ___

A

pits, glands, stomach

32
Q

What finishes the chemical digestion process and is responsible for absorbing most of the nutrients?

A

Small intestine

33
Q

How long do ingested materials spend in the small intestine?

A

12 hours

34
Q

About how long is the small intestine in an unembalmed cadaver?

A

6 metres (20 feet)

35
Q

Why is the small intestine shorter in a living individual than a cadaver?

A

muscle tone

36
Q

What are the three specific segments of the stomach? (proximal to distal) What are their lengths?

A

Duodenum (25cm)
Jejunum (2.5m)
ileum (3.6m)

37
Q

Where is the duodenojejunal flexure located?

A

Small intestine between the duodenum and jejunum.

38
Q

What shape is the duodenum?

A

C-shaped

39
Q

In what quadrant would you find the duodenum?

A

Upper right quadrant

40
Q

What joins the duodenum and jejunum?

A

duodenojejunal flexure (midline)

41
Q

The major duodenal___is the side where ___ and ___ secretions enter the ___

A

papilla, bile, pancreatic, duodenum.

42
Q

What is the Jejunum and what is its main function?

A

Middle segment of the small intestine. Primary region for chemical and nutrient absorption.

43
Q

What is the ileum?

A

The last segment of the small intestine

44
Q

Distal end of the ileum terminates at the___, a___ that controls the entry of materials into the ___

A

ileocecal valve, sphincter, large intestine

45
Q

What is a feature of the ___ and ___ tunics that are thrown into folds called the circular folds?

A

mucosal, submucosal. Visible to the naked eye

46
Q

What is the scientific name for the circular folds in the small intestine?

A

Plicae circularis

47
Q

outer to inner layer, what is the histology of the small intestine? (first is serosa)

A

Serosa, Muscularis (Outer longitudinal layer, Inner circular layer), Submucosa, Mucosa, Pilcae circularis, villi, microvilli, Intestinal lumen

48
Q

What are microvilli?

A

cytoplasmic projections of the individual cells/ extension of the columnar cells

49
Q

What are villi?

A

folds of the mucosa

50
Q

What do enteroendocrine cells do?

A

Secrete hormones

51
Q

Spend some time studying the images

A

Yes mum

52
Q

Name the small intestine structures involved in digestion and absorption

A

Circular folds, villi, microvilli, intestinal glands, submucosal glands

53
Q

Describe the anatomy of microvilli

A

Folded, finger-like projections of plasma membrane on apical surface of columnar epithelial cells

54
Q

Describe the anatomy of

A
55
Q
A

BMS 101 (10 decks)

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