Digestion Flashcards
What is Digestion
Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food compounds into small water-soluble components
What are the three types of substrates
Carbohydrates,Proteins,Lipids
What is Mechanical Digestion
Physical.
Chewing in the mouth.
Churning of the stomach.
What is Chemical Digestion
Chemical process using Enzymes.
What are enzymes?
Biological catalysts. Catalysts speed up reactions without being used up.
Carbohydrate Broken down by Carbohydrase
Simple sugar
Starch + Amylase –>Maltose
Maltose + Maltase –> Glucose
Amylase is in Saliva
Protein broken down by protease
Amino Acids
Lipid broken down by Lipase
Fatty acids + Glycerol
Features of the stomach
Hydrochloric acid provides right ph and environment for protease to work
Kills microorganisms and bacteria
Bile
Stored in Gall bladder
Made in Liver
Neutralises Stomach acid in small intestine which is alkaline
Emulsifies fats (lipids)
Pancreas
Digestive Juices
Small intestine
Thin cell walls. Less for nutrients to diffuse through.
Villi to increase surface area
Good blood supply to maintain concentration gradient
Long so more time for nutrients to be absorbed
What Ph does amylase work best
7
What effects the rate of activity for an enzyme
Ph,Temperature,Concentration
What are the variables in an experiment to see how ph effects the rate of reaction in amylase
Reagents
Independent variable : Ph
Dependent: Time taken to break down starch solution
Control: Temperature/ Concentration of solutions and enzymes
Iodine/Starch/Amylase
