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Gastrointestinal System > digestio and absorption > Flashcards

digestio and absorption Flashcards

1
Q

where does carbohydrate digestion begin and by which enzyme?

A

in the mouth via salivary amylase

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2
Q

what does salivary amylase do?

A

hydrolyses a-1,4-glycosidic bonds (present between glucose monomers)

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3
Q

which enzymes are present in the small intestine that digest carbs

A

lactase
sucrase
maltase

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4
Q

what would be absent in a lactose intolerance?

A

lactase

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5
Q

what is lactose broken into?

A

galactose and glucose

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6
Q

what is sucrose broken into?

A

sucrose and glucose

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7
Q

what is maltose broken into?

A

glucose

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8
Q

how can glucose and galactose be absorbed at low concentrations

A

sodium and glucose transporter (SGLT 1)

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9
Q

how are glucose, fructose and galactose taken out of the enterocyte?

A

GLUT 2 transporter

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10
Q

how is fructose absorbed?

A

GLUT 5

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11
Q

where does protein digestion occur

A

stomach

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12
Q

where is HCL produced?

A

parietal cells

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13
Q

what activates pepsin from pepsinogen?

A

HCl

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14
Q

what does pepsin do?

A

degrades peptide bonds between proteins

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15
Q

which pancreatic enzymes help aid protein digestion?

A

tyripsin
chymotrypsin
carboxypeptidase
elastase

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16
Q

what does chymotrypsin do?

A

hydrolysis of the peptide bond

17
Q

what does carboxypeptidase do?

A

hydrolysing at the carboxyl end of the polypeptide

18
Q

what does elastase do?

A

break down elastin

19
Q

what does tyripsin do?

A

cleaving peptide bonds

20
Q

what is the role of brush border enzymes?

A

break down small polypeptides

21
Q

how are amino acids taken in?

A

sodium transporters

22
Q

where is lingual lipase present?

A

present in the mouth and gastric lipase in the stomach as well as pancreatic lipase present from the pancreas

23
Q

what is the role of bile?

A

allows for emulsification of the fat droplets which increases the surface area to allow the lipase to act

24
Q

what is formed In the breakdown of lipids?

A

monoglycerides and free fatty a

25
Q

what is formed following the absorption of monoglycerides?

A

chylomicrons - then absorbed into the lymphatic system

26
Q

what do G cells produce?

A

gastrin

Gastrointestinal System (5 decks)

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