Digesting Spaghetti Flashcards

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0
Q

Sentence 2

A

You chew it up and the salivary glands produce saliva that contains amylase which breaks down starch into maltose (disaccharides)

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1
Q

Sentence 1

A

You put the spaghetti dinner in your mouth.

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2
Q

Sentence 3

A

The pharynx keeps food from getting in the lungs, and let’s the spaghetti dinner (all chewed up and in a ball now) enter the esophagus

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3
Q

Sentence 4

A

The esophagus carries the spaghetti dinner from the pharynx to the stomach by peristaltic contractions

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4
Q

Sentence 6

A

If the food is fatty the small intestine releases hormone enterogastrone which slows the churning of food and decreases gastric secretions allowing more time for fat digestion and absorption

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5
Q

Sentence 5

A

The food enters the stomach through the cardiac sphincter

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6
Q

Sentence 7

A

The hormone gastrin is produced when food enters the stomach

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7
Q

Sentence 8

A

Gastrin stimulates the release of gastric juice

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8
Q

Sentence 9

A

Gastric juice contains HCl and pepsinogen

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9
Q

Sentence 10

A

Contractions of the stomach muscles churn the food and mix it with the gastric juice

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10
Q

Sentence 11

A

The HCl in gastric juice kills harmful bacteria that is in the food

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11
Q

Sentence 12

A

Pepsinogen in the gastric juice is converted to pepsin because of the low pH and pepsin breaks down polypeptides (proteins) into dipeptides or amino acids

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12
Q

Sentence 13

A

The HCl liquifies the food making it chyme

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13
Q

Sentence 14

A

Chyme is squirted into the small intestine through the pyloric sphincter

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14
Q

Sentence 15

A

When chyme enters the small intestine covered in HCl and pepsin the low pH sends secretin to the pancreas which signals the release of pancreatic secretions

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15
Q

Sentence 16

A

Part of the pancreatic secretions is NaHCO3 that raises the pH to an alkaline

16
Q

Sentence 17

A

Another component of the pancreatic secretions is pancreatic amylase that continues the digestion of starch (stopped earlier when it entered the stomach bc of the low pH levels)(polysaccharide) into disaccharides

17
Q

Sentence 18

A

When chyme entered the small intestine this released the hormone CCK which made the gallbladder release bile which broke lipids into smaller drops

18
Q

Sentence 19

A

Lipase is then another part of the pancreatic secretions that digests the smaller drops of lipids (triglycerides) (first reduced by bile) into fatty and glycerol – lipids are now ready to be absorbed

19
Q

Sentence 20

A

finally the last component of the pancreatic secretions is Chymotrypsin and trypsin

20
Q

Sentence 21

A

Trypsin and Chymotrypsin both continue protein digestion (that began with pepsin) by breaking remaining polypeptides that were not broken down by pepsin into dipeptides or amino acids

21
Q

Sentence 22

A

Erepsin is released from the small intestine and finishes the digestion of proteins by breaking down the remaining dipeptides into amino acids
—All proteins are now broken into amino acids and are ready to be absorbed

22
Q

Sentence 23

A

To finish carbohydrate digestion the disaccharides created by amylase (saliva or pancreatic secretion) are now broken down further by enzymes produced in the small intestine

23
Q

Sentence 24

A

These enzymes produced by the small intestine to break down disaccharides include sucrase, maltase, and lactase

24
Q

Sentence 25

A

Sucrase digests sucrose (disaccharide) into glucose and fructose (monosaccharides), maltase digests maltose(dis.) into 2 glucose(mon.), lactase digests lactose(dis.) into galactose and glucose (mon.).
All the carbs are now monomers and are ready to be absorbed

25
Q

Sentence 26

A

Now all the food molecules are ready to be absorbed into the circulatory system

26
Q

Sentence 27

A

The fatty acids and glycerol are absorbed in lacteals and the monosaccharides and amino acids are absorbed in the capillaries

27
Q

Sentence 28

A

Material not absorbed by now enters the large intestine through the Iliad-caecal sphincter

28
Q

Sentence 29

A

The large intestine absorbs water, vitamins and minerals into the blood

29
Q

Sentence 30

A

When the waste builds up in the large intestine receptors in the wall of the intestine send information to the central nervous system which encourages a bowl movement

30
Q

Sentence 31

A

The rectum holds feces and then the feces exit the digestive tract through a sphincter muscle called the anal sphincter